{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T18:48:53Z","timestamp":1792349333855,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":6,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788307200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic, immune-mediated disease whose incidence and prevalence have continued to rise, yet little is known about how public awareness has evolved alongside clinical progress. We used Google Trends, a freely available tool that indexes the relative popularity of search queries from 0 to 100, to examine interest in the terms \u2018eosinophilic esophagitis\u2019 and \u2018EoE\u2019 in the United States from January 2004 through December 2025, and to compare the disease term with searches for regulatory-approved EoE-relevant therapies (dupilumab\/Dupixent, budesonide\/Eohilia, and budesonide\/Jorveza) in the United States and worldwide (English-language). Search interest for \u2018eosinophilic esophagitis\u2019 rose substantially across two decades (+2.97 points\/year; P\u00a0&amp;lt;\u20090.001), with segmented regression at clinical milestones showing significant slope changes at 2007, 2011, 2013, 2020, and 2024 (all P\u00a0\u2264\u20090.04). Secondary analysis of the \u2018EoE\u2019 acronym corroborated these patterns, rising across the study period (+1.3 points\/year; P\u00a0&amp;lt;\u20090.001) with a final-year rise (+18.2 points\/year). Searches for \u2018Dupixent\u2019 exceeded disease-term searches in both the United States and worldwide (English-language). Seasonal and monthly variation did not statistically differ. These observations illustrate how digital epidemiology has potential to serve as a low-cost barometer of disease awareness and information-seeking behavior. As patients increasingly turn from search engines to conversational artificial intelligence, these signals may evolve and further research is needed to define how digital epidemiology best be integrated with conventional epidemiologic data.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/dote\/doag117","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T17:58:41Z","timestamp":1792346321000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Lessons learned: Digital epidemiology of eosinophilic esophagitis and what Google Trends reveals"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-6280-6147","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Corey J","family":"Ketchem","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine , Chicago, IL ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Craig C","family":"Reed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Esophageal Diseases and Swallowing, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine , Chapel Hill, NC ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine , Chapel Hill, NC ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evan S","family":"Dellon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Esophageal Diseases and Swallowing, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine , Chapel Hill, NC ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine , Chapel Hill, NC ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026101813583529700_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000003194","article-title":"ACG clinical guideline: diagnosis and management of eosinophilic esophagitis","volume":"120","author":"Dellon","year":"2025","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2026101813583529700_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0109583","article-title":"The use of google trends in health care research: a systematic review","volume":"9","author":"Nuti","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2026101813583529700_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2710.2002.00430.x","article-title":"Segmented regression analysis of interrupted time series studies in medication use research","volume":"27","author":"Wagner","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Pharm Ther"},{"key":"2026101813583529700_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/13439","article-title":"Google trends in infodemiology and infoveillance: methodology framework","volume":"5","author":"Mavragani","year":"2019","journal-title":"JMIR Public Health Surveill"},{"key":"2026101813583529700_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2023.10.004","article-title":"Artificial intelligence Chatbot shows multiple inaccuracies when responding to questions about eosinophilic esophagitis","volume":"22","author":"Ketchem","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"2026101813583529700_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gastha.2026.100971","article-title":"Development and validation of a large language model case identification strategy for eosinophilic esophagitis","volume":"5","author":"Ketchem","year":"2026","journal-title":"Gastro Hep Adv"}],"container-title":["Diseases of the Esophagus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/dote\/article-pdf\/39\/5\/doag117\/72077441\/doag117.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/dote\/article-pdf\/39\/5\/doag117\/72077441\/doag117.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T17:58:41Z","timestamp":1792346321000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/dote\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/dote\/doag117\/8935387"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]]},"references-count":6,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/dote\/doag117","relation":{},"ISSN":["1120-8694","1442-2050"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1120-8694","type":"print"},{"value":"1442-2050","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]]},"article-number":"doag117"}}