{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T21:41:13Z","timestamp":1790372473986,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":92,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,19]],"date-time":"2020-09-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1600473600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Investissements d\u2019Avenir","award":["ANR-11-IDEX-0005-02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-11-IDEX-0005-02"]}]},{"name":"Sorbonne Paris Cite, Laboratoire d\u2019excellence INFLAMEX"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Crohn\u2019s disease [CD] is an inflammatory bowel disease of unknown aetiology. During recent decades, significant technological advances led to development of -omic datasets allowing a detailed description of the disease. Unfortunately these have not, to date, resolved the question of the aetiology of CD. Thus, it may be necessary to [re]consider hypothesis-driven approaches to resolve the aetiology of CD. According to the cold chain hypothesis, the development of industrial and domestic refrigeration has led to frequent exposure of human populations to bacteria capable of growing in the cold. These bacteria, at low levels of exposure, particularly those of the genus Yersinia, are believed to be capable of inducing exacerbated inflammation of the intestine in genetically predisposed subjects. We discuss the consistency of this working hypothesis in light of recent data from epidemiological, clinical, pathological, microbiological, and molecular studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjaa192","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,17]],"date-time":"2020-09-17T19:25:02Z","timestamp":1600370702000},"page":"678-686","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Crohn\u2019s Disease: Is the Cold Chain Hypothesis Still Hot?"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Jean-Pierre","family":"Hugot","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de recherche sur l\u2019inflammation, UMR1149 INSERM and Universit\u00e9 de Paris, Paris, France"},{"name":"Service des maladies digestives et respiratoires de l\u2019enfant, H\u00f4pital Robert Debr\u00e9, Assistance Publique H\u00f4pitaux de Paris, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Dumay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de recherche sur l\u2019inflammation, UMR1149 INSERM and Universit\u00e9 de Paris, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fr\u00e9d\u00e9rick","family":"Barreau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRSD, UMR1220, Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ulrich","family":"Meinzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de recherche sur l\u2019inflammation, UMR1149 INSERM and Universit\u00e9 de Paris, Paris, France"},{"name":"Service des maladies digestives et respiratoires de l\u2019enfant, H\u00f4pital Robert Debr\u00e9, Assistance Publique H\u00f4pitaux de Paris, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021040620125833200_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1741","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)31711-1","article-title":"Crohn\u2019s disease","volume":"389","author":"Torres","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2021040620125833200_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2012","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)15024-6","article-title":"Crohn\u2019s disease: the cold chain hypothesis","volume":"362","author":"Hugot","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2021040620125833200_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2769","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)32448-0","article-title":"Worldwide incidence and prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease in the 21st century: a systematic review of population-based 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