{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T23:18:03Z","timestamp":1787008683580,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,9]],"date-time":"2022-08-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1660003200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"name":"Janssen Portugal"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,27]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A family history of inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] is the strongest risk factor for disease. However, some first-degree relatives (FDRs) will develop disease, while others will not.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Using the nationwide Danish National Patient Register, we examined risk factors in families with two or more affected FDRs. First, we compared exposures between siblings with and without IBD within the same family [within-family analysis]. Second, we compared exposures between individuals with and without IBD across all families [across-family analysis]. Exposures included sex, birth order, mode of delivery, antibiotics, personal and family history of immune-mediated diseases, gastrointestinal infections, and surgical history preceding diagnosis. Uni- and multivariable conditional logistic regression analyses were conducted.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In the \u2018within-family analysis\u2019, 1669 families were included [1732 cases, 2447 controls]. Female sex (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 1.40, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.23, 1.59), history of ankylosing spondylitis [aOR: 2.88, 95% CI 1.05, 7.91] and exposure to antibiotics [aOR: 1.28, 95% CI 1.02, 1.61] increased the risk for IBD. In the \u2018across-family analysis\u2019, 1254 cases and 37 584 controls were included, confirming an association with prior ankylosing spondylitis [aOR: 3.92, 95% CI 1.38, 11.12] and exposure to antibiotics [aOR: 1.29, 95% CI 1.04, 1.60]. Having two or more relatives [aOR: 6.26, 95% CI 1.34, 29.29] or a sibling with IBD [aOR: 1.36, 95% CI 1.18, 1.57] increased the risk of IBD. Appendectomy reduced the risk of ulcerative colitis [aOR: 0.32, 95% CI 0.14, 0.72].<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In families with IBD, we identified risk factors for the unaffected FDR to develop disease. These findings provide an opportunity for counselling IBD relatives.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjac111","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,9]],"date-time":"2022-08-09T13:00:26Z","timestamp":1660050026000},"page":"30-36","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Risk Factors for Developing Inflammatory Bowel Disease Within and Across Families with a Family History of IBD"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2895-5821","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joana","family":"Torres","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, Hospital Beatriz \u00c2ngelo , Loures , Portugal"},{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, Hospital da Luz , Lisboa , Portugal"},{"name":"The Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York, NY , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2096-2744","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Catarina","family":"Gomes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, Hospital Beatriz \u00c2ngelo , Loures , Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Camilla B","family":"Jensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Copenhagen Phase IV Unit (Phase4CPH), Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg , Copenhagen , Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4729-1485","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manasi","family":"Agrawal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York, NY , USA"},{"name":"Center for Molecular Prediction of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (PREDICT), Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University , Copenhagen , Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francisco","family":"Ribeiro-Mour\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatrics Department, Centro Materno Infantil do Norte \u2013 Centro Hospitalar e Universit\u00e1rio do Porto , Porto , Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biom\u00e9dicas Abel Salazar, University of Porto , Porto , Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tine","family":"Jess","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Molecular Prediction of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (PREDICT), Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University , Copenhagen , Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Aalborg University Hospital , Aalborg , Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric","family":"Colombel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York, NY , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6880-5759","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kristine H","family":"Allin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Molecular Prediction of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (PREDICT), Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University , Copenhagen , Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johan","family":"Burisch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastrounit, Medical Division, Hvidovre Hospital, University of Copenhagen , Hvidovre , Denmark"},{"name":"Copenhagen Center for Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Children, Adolescents and Adults, Hvidovre Hospital, University of Copenhagen , Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023080905334589800_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1741","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)31711-1","article-title":"Crohn\u2019s disease","volume":"389","author":"Torres","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2023080905334589800_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1756","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)32126-2","article-title":"Ulcerative colitis","volume":"389","author":"Ungaro","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2023080905334589800_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2015.50","article-title":"Familial risk of inflammatory bowel disease: a population-based cohort study 1977\u20132011","volume":"110","author":"Moller","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2023080905334589800_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1728","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2014.246","article-title":"Antibiotics associated with increased risk of new-onset Crohn\u2019s disease but not ulcerative colitis: a meta-analysis","volume":"109","author":"Ungaro","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2023080905334589800_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1311","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2018.09.034","article-title":"Gastrointestinal infection increases odds of inflammatory bowel disease in a nationwide case-control study.","volume":"17","author":"Axelrad","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"2023080905334589800_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100884","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.100884","article-title":"Early life exposures and the risk of inflammatory bowel disease: systematic review and meta-analyses","volume":"36","author":"Agrawal","year":"2021","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine"},{"key":"2023080905334589800_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2019.04.016","article-title":"Environmental risk factors for inflammatory bowel diseases: an umbrella review of meta-analyses","volume":"157","author":"Piovani","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2023080905334589800_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1171","DOI":"10.1080\/00365521.2020.1807598","article-title":"Validation of ulcerative colitis and Crohn\u2019s disease and their phenotypes in the Danish National Patient Registry using a population-based cohort","volume":"55","author":"Lo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2023080905334589800_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.2147\/CLEP.S91125","article-title":"The Danish National Patient Registry: a review of content, data quality, and research potential","volume":"7","author":"Schmidt","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"2023080905334589800_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.3109\/00365529609031980","article-title":"Assessment of the diagnoses of Crohn\u2019s disease and ulcerative colitis in a Danish hospital information system","volume":"31","author":"Fonager","year":"1996","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2023080905334589800_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.13971","article-title":"The incidence of inflammatory bowel disease in Denmark 1980\u20132013: a nationwide cohort study","volume":"45","author":"Lophaven","year":"2017","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"2023080905334589800_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2018.06.043","article-title":"Sex-based differences in incidence of inflammatory bowel diseases \u2013 pooled analysis of population-based studies from Western Countries","volume":"155","author":"Shah","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2023080905334589800_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.15178","article-title":"Sex-based differences in the incidence of inflammatory bowel diseases-pooled analysis of population-based studies from the Asia-Pacific region","volume":"49","author":"Shah","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"2023080905334589800_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.16210","article-title":"Immune-mediated diseases and risk of Crohn\u2019s disease or ulcerative colitis: a prospective cohort study","volume":"53","author":"Lo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"2023080905334589800_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2704","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2019.03.040","article-title":"Incidence of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases among patients with inflammatory bowel diseases in Denmark","volume":"17","author":"Burisch","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"2023080905334589800_CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1398","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2015-311131","article-title":"Reduced risk of UC in families affected by appendicitis: a Danish national cohort study","volume":"66","author":"Nyboe Andersen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"2023080905334589800_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1311","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2018.09.034","article-title":"Gastrointestinal infection increases odds of inflammatory bowel disease in a nationwide case-control study","volume":"17","author":"Axelrad","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"2023080905334589800_CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e794","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2011-3886","article-title":"Antibiotic exposure and IBD development among children: a population-based cohort study","volume":"130","author":"Kronman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2023080905334589800_CIT0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwr400","article-title":"Association of repeated exposure to antibiotics with the development of pediatric Crohn\u2019s disease\u2014a nationwide, register-based Finnish case-control study","volume":"175","author":"Virta","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2023080905334589800_CIT0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"986","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(20)30267-3","article-title":"Antibiotic use and the development of inflammatory bowel disease: a national case-control study in Sweden","volume":"5","author":"Nguyen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"2023080905334589800_CIT0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0000000000000946","article-title":"Increased risk of inflammatory bowel disease in families with tonsillectomy: a Danish national cohort study","volume":"30","author":"Bager","year":"2019","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"2023080905334589800_CIT0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-014-9930-3","article-title":"The Danish Civil Registration System as a tool in epidemiology","volume":"29","author":"Schmidt","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2023080905334589800_CIT0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1118","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2020.11.050","article-title":"Longitudinal changes in fecal calprotectin levels among pregnant women with and without inflammatory bowel disease and their babies","volume":"160","author":"Kim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2023080905334589800_CIT0024","first-page":"14","article-title":"Familial and ethnic risk in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"31","author":"Santos","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Gastroenterol"}],"container-title":["Journal of Crohn's and Colitis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ecco-jcc\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjac111\/45827220\/jjac111.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ecco-jcc\/article-pdf\/17\/1\/30\/51066019\/jjac111.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ecco-jcc\/article-pdf\/17\/1\/30\/51066019\/jjac111.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,25]],"date-time":"2023-11-25T07:43:49Z","timestamp":1700898229000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ecco-jcc\/article\/17\/1\/30\/6659033"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,9]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,9]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,27]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjac111","relation":{},"ISSN":["1873-9946","1876-4479"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1873-9946","type":"print"},{"value":"1876-4479","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,9]]}}}