{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T22:19:17Z","timestamp":1792189157392,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,12]],"date-time":"2022-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1665532800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,19]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background and Aim<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia [PJP] is a very rare, potentially life-threatening pulmonary fungal infection that occurs in immunocompromised individuals including patients with inflammatory bowel disease [IBD]. Our aim was to describe immunosuppressive treatment exposure as well as the outcome in IBD patients with PJP.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>PJP cases were retrospectively collected through the COllaborative Network For Exceptionally Rare case reports of the European Crohn\u2019s and Colitis Organisation. Clinical data were provided through a case report form.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In all, 18 PJP episodes were reported in 17 IBD patients [10 ulcerative colitis and seven Crohn\u2019s disease]. The median age at PJP diagnosis was 55 years (interquartile range [IQR], 40\u201368 years]. Two PJP [11.1%] occurred in patients on triple immunosuppression, 10 patients [55.6%] had double immunosuppressive treatment, four patients [22.2%] had monotherapy and two PJP occurred in absence of immunosuppressive treatment [one in a human immunodeficiency virus patient and one in a patient with a history of autologous stem cell transplantation]. Immunosuppressive therapies included steroids [n\u2005=\u200512], thiopurines [n\u2005=\u200510], infliximab [n\u2005=\u20054], ciclosporin [n\u2005=\u20052], methotrexate [n\u2005=\u20051], and tacrolimus [n\u2005=\u20051]. None of the patients diagnosed with PJP had received prophylaxis. All patients were treated by trimethoprim\/sulphamethoxazole or atovaquone and an intensive care unit [ICU] stay was required in seven cases. Two patients [aged 71 and 32 years] died, and one patient had a recurrent episode 16 months after initial treatment. Evolution was favourable for the others.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This case series reporting potentially fatal PJP highlights the need for adjusted prophylactic therapy in patients with IBD on immunosuppressive therapy.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjac153","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,12]],"date-time":"2022-10-12T18:29:56Z","timestamp":1665599396000},"page":"472-479","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["<i>Pneumocystis jirovecii<\/i> Pneumonia in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease\u2013a Case Series"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1859-7146","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sophie","family":"Vieujean","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital of Li\u00e8ge , Li\u00e8ge , Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4826-6839","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Annick","family":"Moens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven , Leuven , Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deborah","family":"Hassid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, University of Paris, AP-HP H\u00f4pital Saint-Louis , Paris , France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katja","family":"Rothfuss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Robert-Bosch-Hospital , Stuttgart , Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edoardo Vincenzo","family":"Savarino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua , Padua , Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephan R","family":"Vavricka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital , Zurich , Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5490-4350","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Catherine","family":"Reenaers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital of Li\u00e8ge , Li\u00e8ge , Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bent Ascanius","family":"Jacobsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Aalborg University Hospital , Aalborg , Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthieu","family":"Allez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of 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