{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T21:13:57Z","timestamp":1770326037255,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,15]],"date-time":"2022-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1671062400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Teva Nederland"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Safety of thioguanine in pregnant patients with inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] is sparsely recorded. This study was aimed to document the safety of thioguanine during pregnancy and birth.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this multicentre case series, IBD patients treated with thioguanine during pregnancy were included. Data regarding disease and medication history, pregnancy course, obstetric complications, and neonatal outcomes were collected.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data on 117 thioguanine-exposed pregnancies in 99 women were collected. Most [78%] had Crohn\u2019s disease and the mean age at delivery was 31 years. In 18 pregnancies [15%], IBD flared. Obstetric and infectious complications were seen in 15% [n\u2005=\u200517] and 7% [n\u2005=\u20058] of pregnancies, respectively. Ten pregnancies [8.5%] resulted in a first trimester miscarriage, one in a stillbirth at 22 weeks of gestational age and one in an induced abortion due to trisomy 21. In total, 109 neonates were born from 101 singleton pregnancies and four twin pregnancies. One child was born with a congenital abnormality [cleft palate]. In the singleton pregnancies, 10 children were born prematurely and 10 were born small for gestational age. Screening for myelosuppresion was performed in 16 neonates [14.7%]; two had anaemia in umbilical cord blood. All outcomes were comparable to either the general Dutch population or to data from three Dutch cohort studies on the use of conventional thiopurines in pregnant IBD patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this large case series, the use of thioguanine during pregnancy is not associated in excess with adverse maternal or neonatal outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjac183","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,15]],"date-time":"2022-12-15T23:20:48Z","timestamp":1671146448000},"page":"738-745","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Exposure to Thioguanine During 117 Pregnancies in Women With Inflammatory Bowel Disease"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8755-9146","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Femke","family":"Crouwel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Melek","family":"Simsek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marjon A","family":"de Boer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gyneacology, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chris J J","family":"Mulder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emma M","family":"van Andel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Noordwest Ziekenhuisgroep , Alkmaar , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5046-2030","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rob H","family":"Creemers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Geriatrics, Internal and Intensive Care Medicine [Co-MIK], Zuyderland Medical Centre , Heerlen-Sittard-Geleen , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dirk P","family":"van Asseldonk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Noordwest Ziekenhuisgroep , Alkmaar , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ad A","family":"van Bodegraven","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Geriatrics, Internal and Intensive Care Medicine [Co-MIK], Zuyderland Medical Centre , Heerlen-Sittard-Geleen , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carmen S","family":"Horjus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Rijnstate Hospital , Arnhem , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marijn C","family":"Visschedijk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Angelique L M","family":"Weusthuis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Deventer Hospital , Deventer , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Margien L","family":"Seinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis , Amsterdam , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bindia","family":"Jharap","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Meander Medical Centre , Amersfoort , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fiona D M","family":"van Schaik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University , Utrecht , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ishfaq","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Streekziekenhuis Koningin Beatrix , Winterswijk , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul J","family":"Boekema","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, M\u00e1xima Medical Centre , Veldhoven , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Greetje J","family":"Tack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical Centre Leeuwarden , Leeuwarden , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Louktje","family":"Wormmeester","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Treant Zorggroep , Emmen-Hoogeveen-Stadskanaal , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maurice W M D","family":"Lutgens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital , Tilburg , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Petra G A","family":"van Boeckel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sint Antonius Hospital , Nieuwegein , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lennard P L","family":"Gilissen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Catharina Hospital , Eindhoven , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marjon","family":"Kerkhof","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Groene Hart Hospital , Gouda , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maurice G V M","family":"Russel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical Spectrum Twente , Enschede , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Hoentjen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , The Netherlands"},{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta , Edmonton, AB , Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maartje 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