{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T22:21:09Z","timestamp":1792794069853,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,16]],"date-time":"2023-08-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1692144000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"name":"Penn State Department of Internal Medicine 5K Inspiration","award":["INSPIRECLAFall2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["INSPIRECLAFall2021"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04p491231","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,26]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Randomised controlled trials historically under-represent marginalised racial and ethnic populations. As incidence and prevalence of Crohn\u2019s disease in these groups rise, it is important to characterise their inclusion in randomised controlled trials on first-line and pipe-line medications.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PubMed was searched systematically for randomised controlled trials of biologic and small molecule inhibitor [SMI] medications, with a primary outcome related to efficacy following PRISMA guidelines. We used descriptive statistics to summarise demographic variables and meta-regression analyses to estimate temporal trends in racial inclusion.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>More than a half of trials did not report any racial\/ethnic demographics [53.7%] and several reported racial demographics for only one race [20.9%]. When racial data were reported, Whites made up 90.2% of participants. Percentages of Black, Asian, Native American\/Pacific Islander, and participants considered \u2018Other\u2019 averaged 2.9%, 11.6%, 0.5%, and 1.6% out of the total sample sizes of 3901, 3742, 828 and 4027, respectively. Proportional representation of White participants decreased over time [p\u2005&amp;lt;0.01] and proportional representation of Asian participants increased over time [p\u2005=\u20050.047]. In ordinal logistic regression, mean year of trial enrolment significantly increased the number of racial groups reported [p\u2005&amp;lt;0.001].<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Half of published randomised controlled trials in Crohn\u2019s disease contain no racial or ethnic demographics, and the remaining often only have limited inclusion of Black, Native American\/Pacific Islander, and Hispanic patients. Further work should characterise representation in observational and prospective trials. Researchers should work to: 1] increase reporting of racial and ethnic demographics; and 2] improve recruitment and retention of marginalised populations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjad138","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,14]],"date-time":"2023-08-14T08:14:03Z","timestamp":1692000843000},"page":"204-211","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Race and Ethnic Representation in Crohn\u2019s Disease Trials of Biologic and Small Molecule Medications: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4010-3667","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matt","family":"Pelton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School , New Brunswick, New Jersey , 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