{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T22:41:49Z","timestamp":1793400109512,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":112,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,25]],"date-time":"2023-10-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698192000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Intestinal fibrosis is a common complication in patients with inflammatory bowel disease [IBD], in particular Crohn\u2019s disease [CD]. Unfortunately, at present intestinal fibrosis is not yet preventable, and cannot be treated by interventions other than surgical removal. Intestinal fibrosis is characterized by excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix [ECM], which is caused by activated fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells. Accumulation of ECM results from an imbalanced production and degradation of ECM. ECM degradation is mainly performed by matrix metalloproteinases [MMPs], enzymes that are counteracted by tissue inhibitors of MMPs [TIMPs]. In IBD patients, MMP activity [together with other protease activities] is increased. At the same time, CD patients have a generally lower MMP activity compared to ulcerative colitis patients, who usually do not develop intestinal strictures or fibrosis. The exact regulation and role[s] of these MMPs in fibrosis are far from understood. Here, we review the current literature about ECM remodelling by MMPs in intestinal fibrosis and their potential role as biomarkers for disease progression or druggable targets.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjad178","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,24]],"date-time":"2023-10-24T13:17:03Z","timestamp":1698153423000},"page":"462-478","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":64,"title":["Matrix metalloproteinases in intestinal fibrosis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0599-1857","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carin","family":"Biel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen , the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Klaas Nico","family":"Faber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruud A","family":"Bank","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , 9713 GZ Groningen , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4855-8452","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter","family":"Olinga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen , the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024030118322492000_CIT0001","first-page":"720","article-title":"The global burden of IBD: from 2015 to 2025","volume":"12","author":"Kaplan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Publ Gr"},{"key":"2024030118322492000_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2011.10.001","article-title":"Increasing incidence and prevalence of the inflammatory bowel diseases with time, based on systematic review","volume":"142","author":"Molodecky","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2024030118322492000_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1097\/MOG.0000000000000363","article-title":"Intestinal fibrosis","volume":"33","author":"Latella","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr Opin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2024030118322492000_CIT0004","first-page":"31","article-title":"Epidemiology and clinical course of Crohn\u2019s disease: Results from observational studies","volume":"1723","author":"Hovde","year":"2012","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2024030118322492000_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1785","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2011.01.055","article-title":"Epidemiology and natural history of inflammatory bowel diseases","volume":"140","author":"Cosnes","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2024030118322492000_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjw055","article-title":"European Crohn\u2019s and Colitis Organisation topical review on prediction, diagnosis and management of fibrostenosing Crohn\u2019s disease","volume":"10","author":"Rieder","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Crohns Colitis"},{"key":"2024030118322492000_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5A","DOI":"10.1155\/2005\/269076","article-title":"Toward an integrated clinical, molecular and serological classification of inflammatory bowel disease: report of a Working Party of the 2005 Montreal World Congress of Gastroenterology","volume":"19","author":"Silverberg","year":"2005","journal-title":"Can J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2024030118322492000_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2004.045294","article-title":"Impact of the increasing use of immunosuppressants in Crohn\u2019s disease on the need for intestinal surgery","volume":"54","author":"Cosnes","year":"2005","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"2024030118322492000_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"j.crohns.2014.09.008","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crohns.2014.09.008","article-title":"Cellular and molecular mediators of intestinal fibrosis","volume":"11","author":"Lawrance","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Crohns Colitis"},{"key":"2024030118322492000_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2006.01010.x","article-title":"Fibrogenesis in Crohn\u2019s disease","volume":"102","author":"Burke","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2024030118322492000_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2014-308048","article-title":"ECM remodelling in IBD: innocent bystander or partner in crime? 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