{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T16:36:44Z","timestamp":1790095004775,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,17]],"date-time":"2024-05-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715904000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DFG-TH2341"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DFG-TH2341"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DFG-RE2706"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DFG-RE2706"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DFG-WO1883"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DFG-WO1883"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Fatigue and psychosocial impairments are highly prevalent in IBD, particularly during active disease. Disturbed brain-gut interactions may contribute to these symptoms. This study examined associations between brain structure, faecal calprotectin, and symptoms of fatigue, depression, and anxiety in persons with Crohn\u2019s disease [CD] in different disease states.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In this prospective observational study, n\u2005=\u2005109 participants [n\u2005=\u200567 persons with CD, n\u2005=\u200542 healthy controls] underwent cranial magnetic resonance imaging, provided stool samples for analysis of faecal calprotectin, and completed questionnaires to assess symptoms of fatigue, depression, and anxiety. We analysed differences in grey matter volume [GMV] between patients and controls, and associations between regional GMV alterations, neuropsychiatric symptoms, and faecal calprotectin.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Symptoms of fatigue, depression, and anxiety were increased in patients with CD compared with controls, with highest scores in active CD. Patients exhibited regionally reduced GMV in cortical and subcortical sensorimotor regions, occipitotemporal and medial frontal areas. Regional GMV differences showed a significant negative association with fatigue, but not with depression or anxiety. Subgroup analyses revealed symptom-GMV associations for fatigue in remitted but not in active CD, whereas fatigue was positively associated with faecal calprotectin in active but not in remitted disease.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Our findings support disturbed brain-gut interactions in CD which may be particularly relevant for fatigue during remitted disease. Reduced GMV in the precentral gyrus and other sensorimotor areas could reflect key contributions to fatigue pathophysiology in CD. A sensorimotor model of fatigue in CD could also pave the way for novel treatment approaches.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjae078","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,17]],"date-time":"2024-05-17T08:27:20Z","timestamp":1715934440000},"page":"1767-1779","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Associations Between Brain Morphology, Inflammatory Markers, and Symptoms of Fatigue, Depression, or Anxiety in Active and Remitted Crohn\u2019s Disease"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Anne K","family":"Thomann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine II, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University , Mannheim ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mike M","family":"Schmitgen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Department of General Psychiatry, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg University , Heidelberg ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jule C","family":"Stephan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine II, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University , Mannheim ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthias P","family":"Ebert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine II, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University , Mannheim ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philipp A","family":"Thomann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, SRH Clinic Karlsbad-Langensteinbach , Karlsbad ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristina","family":"Szabo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University , Mannheim ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wolfgang","family":"Reindl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine II, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University , Mannheim ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R Christian","family":"Wolf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Department of General Psychiatry, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg University , Heidelberg ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024110408204126000_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(21)00014-5","article-title":"Prevalence of symptoms of anxiety and depression in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"6","author":"Barberio","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"2024110408204126000_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"996","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjz024","article-title":"Prevalence and factors associated with fatigue in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a multicentre study","volume":"13","author":"Chavarria","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Crohns Colitis"},{"key":"2024110408204126000_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.06.034","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors for fatigue in adults with inflammatory bowel disease: a systematic review with meta-analysis","volume":"20","author":"D\u2019Silva","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"2024110408204126000_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1773","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2021-325985","article-title":"Bidirectional brain-gut axis effects influence mood and prognosis in IBD: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"71","author":"Fairbrass","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"2024110408204126000_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1285","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izaa349","article-title":"The relationship between symptoms of depression and anxiety and disease activity in IBD over time","volume":"27","author":"Marrie","year":"2021","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"2024110408204126000_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2020.03.013","article-title":"Alterations in fecal microbiomes and serum metabolomes of fatigued patients with quiescent inflammatory bowel diseases","volume":"19","author":"Borren","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"2024110408204126000_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-018-0091-9","article-title":"Fatigue in IBD: epidemiology, pathophysiology and management","volume":"16","author":"Borren","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"2024110408204126000_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-022-00634-6","article-title":"Depression and anxiety in inflammatory bowel disease: epidemiology, mechanisms and treatment","volume":"19","author":"Bisgaard","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"2024110408204126000_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.15787","article-title":"Review article: bugs, inflammation and mood-a microbiota-based approach to psychiatric symptoms in inflammatory bowel diseases","volume":"52","author":"Thomann","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"2024110408204126000_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-022-02550-7","article-title":"Depression and fatigue in active IBD from a microbiome perspective\u2014a Bayesian approach to faecal metagenomics","volume":"20","author":"Thomann","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"2024110408204126000_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(19)30089-5","article-title":"The influence of the brain-gut axis in inflammatory bowel disease and possible implications for treatment","volume":"4","author":"Gracie","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"2024110408204126000_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2017.08.001","article-title":"Th17 cells in depression","volume":"69","author":"Beurel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"key":"2024110408204126000_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2280","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2009.02.069","article-title":"Reactivation of inflammatory bowel disease in a mouse model of depression","volume":"136","author":"Ghia","year":"2009","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2024110408204126000_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2019.02.025","article-title":"Faecalibacterium prausnitzii [atcc 27766] has preventive and therapeutic effects on chronic unpredictable mild stress-induced depression-like and anxiety-like behavior in rats","volume":"104","author":"Hao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"2024110408204126000_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1132","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2982.2011.01796.x","article-title":"The anxiolytic effect of bifidobacterium longum ncc3001 involves vagal pathways for gut-brain communication","volume":"23","author":"Bercik","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol Motil"},{"key":"2024110408204126000_CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1007\/s11682-022-00742-6","article-title":"The relationship between central nervous system morphometry changes and key symptoms in Crohn\u2019s disease","volume":"17","author":"Thapaliya","year":"2023","journal-title":"Brain Imaging Behav"},{"key":"2024110408204126000_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1007\/s11682-020-00291-w","article-title":"Structural and functional changes in the brain of patients with Crohn\u2019s disease: an activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis","volume":"15","author":"Yeung","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain Imaging Behav"},{"key":"2024110408204126000_CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2016.00460","article-title":"Structural imaging changes and behavioral correlates in patients with Crohn\u2019s disease in remission","volume":"10","author":"Nair","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front Hum Neurosci"},{"key":"2024110408204126000_CIT0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izac089","article-title":"Multimodal brain MRI of deep gray matter changes associated with inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"29","author":"Goodyear","year":"2023","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"2024110408204126000_CIT0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjv057","article-title":"Alterations in brain grey matter structures in patients with Crohn\u2019s disease and their correlation with psychological distress","volume":"9","author":"Bao","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Crohns Colitis"},{"key":"2024110408204126000_CIT0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1297","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izad029","article-title":"Differential brain structural and functional patterns in Crohn\u2019s disease patients are associated with different disease stages","volume":"29","author":"Agostini","year":"2023","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"2024110408204126000_CIT0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1080\/00365520500217118","article-title":"Clinically active Crohn\u2019s disease in the presence of a low C-reactive protein","volume":"41","author":"Florin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2024110408204126000_CIT0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1517\/17530059.1.4.481","article-title":"Role of biomarkers in the diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"1","author":"Vermeire","year":"2007","journal-title":"Expert Opin Med Diagn"},{"key":"2024110408204126000_CIT0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1408","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines11051408","article-title":"The utility of faecal calprotectin, lactoferrin and other faecal biomarkers in discriminating endoscopic activity in Crohn\u2019s disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"11","author":"Bohra","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"2024110408204126000_CIT0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izab252","article-title":"Regional gray matter volume changes in brains of patients with ulcerative colitis","volume":"28","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"2024110408204126000_CIT0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-023-01888-3","article-title":"The effect of biological treatment on fatigue in inflammatory bowel disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"83","author":"Skjellerudsveen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"2024110408204126000_CIT0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-018-0091-9","article-title":"Fatigue in IBD: epidemiology, pathophysiology and management","volume":"16","author":"Borren","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"2024110408204126000_CIT0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e14078","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.14078","article-title":"Exploring joint patterns of brain structure and function in inflammatory bowel diseases using multimodal data fusion","volume":"33","author":"Thomann","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol Motil"},{"key":"2024110408204126000_CIT0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1983.tb09716.x","article-title":"The hospital anxiety and depression scale","volume":"67","author":"Zigmond","year":"1983","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand"},{"key":"2024110408204126000_CIT0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1007\/s00115-005-1990-x","article-title":"['Fatigue' in multiple sclerosis. development and and validation of the 'Wurzburger Fatigue Inventory for MS'","volume":"77","author":"Flachenecker","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nervenarzt"},{"key":"2024110408204126000_CIT0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1867","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izy068","article-title":"The validity and reliability of screening measures for depression and anxiety disorders in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"24","author":"Bernstein","year":"2018","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"2024110408204126000_CIT0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-016-8340-8","article-title":"Multiple sclerosis and inflammatory bowel diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"264","author":"Kosmidou","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"2024110408204126000_CIT0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0000000000001625","article-title":"The interplay of biopsychosocial factors and quality of life in inflammatory bowel diseases: a network analysis","volume":"57","author":"Thomann","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2024110408204126000_CIT0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-022-02550-7","article-title":"Depression and fatigue in active IBD from a microbiome perspective: a Bayesian approach to faecal metagenomics","volume":"20","author":"Thomann","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"2024110408204126000_CIT0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2007.07.007","article-title":"A fast diffeomorphic image registration algorithm","volume":"38","author":"Ashburner","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"2024110408204126000_CIT0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2499","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-014-3242-6","article-title":"Brain involvement in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a voxel-based morphometry and diffusion tensor imaging study","volume":"24","author":"Zikou","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"2024110408204126000_CIT0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13593","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.13593","article-title":"Aberrant brain structural large-scale connectome in Crohn\u2019s disease","volume":"31","author":"Thomann","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol Motil"},{"key":"2024110408204126000_CIT0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjz180","article-title":"ECCO guidelines on therapeutics in Crohn\u2019s disease: medical treatment","volume":"14","author":"Torres","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Crohns Colitis"},{"key":"2024110408204126000_CIT0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.12017","article-title":"New insights into the brain involvement in patients with Crohn\u2019s disease: a voxel-based morphometry study","volume":"25","author":"Agostini","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol Motil"},{"key":"2024110408204126000_CIT0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000000479","article-title":"Differences in regional homogeneity between patients with Crohn\u2019s disease with and without abdominal pain revealed by resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"157","author":"Bao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"2024110408204126000_CIT0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.1177\/17474930211048323","article-title":"Post-stroke fatigue is associated with resting state posterior hypoactivity and prefrontal hyperactivity","volume":"17","author":"Cotter","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Stroke"},{"key":"2024110408204126000_CIT0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0447.2002.01300.x","article-title":"Relative increase in choline in the occipital cortex in chronic fatigue syndrome","volume":"106","author":"Puri","year":"2002","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand"},{"key":"2024110408204126000_CIT0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-244X-9-S1-S1","article-title":"Chronic fatigue syndrome: aetiology, diagnosis and treatment","volume":"9","author":"Avellaneda Fernandez","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"2024110408204126000_CIT0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.14493","article-title":"Systematic review: psychosocial factors associated with pain in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"47","author":"Sweeney","year":"2018","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"2024110408204126000_CIT0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1087","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abi6087","article-title":"Signaling inflammation across the gut-brain axis","volume":"374","author":"Agirman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2024110408204126000_CIT0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-019-0157-3","article-title":"The role of short-chain fatty acids in microbiota-gut-brain communication","volume":"16","author":"Dalile","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"2024110408204126000_CIT0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1002\/da.22084","article-title":"Cytokine targets in the brain: impact on neurotransmitters and neurocircuits","volume":"30","author":"Miller","year":"2013","journal-title":"Depress Anxiety"},{"key":"2024110408204126000_CIT0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1486","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2020.10.066","article-title":"The microbiota-gut-brain axis: From motility to mood","volume":"160","author":"Margolis","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2024110408204126000_CIT0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2020.00025","article-title":"The role of short-chain fatty acids from gut microbiota in gut-brain communication","volume":"11","author":"Silva","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol [Lausanne]"},{"key":"2024110408204126000_CIT0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-021-02175-2","article-title":"Tryptophan-kynurenine metabolism: a link between the gut and brain for depression in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"18","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"2024110408204126000_CIT0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1635","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2018.01.027","article-title":"Bi-directionality of brain-gut interactions in patients with inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"154","author":"Gracie","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2024110408204126000_CIT0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1015175","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2022.1015175","article-title":"Recognizing the role of the vagus nerve in depression from microbiota-gut brain axis","volume":"13","author":"Tan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"2024110408204126000_CIT0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1481","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2005.064261","article-title":"Psychological stress in IBD: New insights into pathogenic and therapeutic implications","volume":"54","author":"Mawdsley","year":"2005","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"2024110408204126000_CIT0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G559","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00066.2017","article-title":"Changes in intestinal microbiota composition and metabolism coincide with increased intestinal permeability in young adults under prolonged physiological stress","volume":"312","author":"Karl","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol"},{"key":"2024110408204126000_CIT0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1017\/S2045796017000579","article-title":"Rising incidence of psychiatric disorders before diagnosis of immune-mediated inflammatory disease","volume":"28","author":"Marrie","year":"2019","journal-title":"Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci"},{"key":"2024110408204126000_CIT0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1372","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjz069","article-title":"Variability of faecal calprotectin in inflammatory bowel disease patients: an observational case-control study","volume":"13","author":"Cremer","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Crohns Colitis"},{"key":"2024110408204126000_CIT0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gastha.2022.05.007","article-title":"Interpersonal variability in gut microbial calprotectin metabolism","volume":"1","author":"Kamp","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gastro Hep Adv"},{"key":"2024110408204126000_CIT0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2014.04.004","article-title":"Methods and considerations for longitudinal structural brain imaging analysis across development","volume":"9","author":"Mills","year":"2014","journal-title":"Dev Cogn Neurosci"},{"key":"2024110408204126000_CIT0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1664","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)32115-2","article-title":"Functional gastrointestinal disorders: advances in understanding and management","volume":"396","author":"Black","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2024110408204126000_CIT0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(23)00102-4","article-title":"Overlap of disorders of gut-brain interaction: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"8","author":"Fairlie","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"2024110408204126000_CIT0061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1451","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-023-01972-w","article-title":"The neurobiology of irritable bowel syndrome","volume":"28","author":"Mayer","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"2024110408204126000_CIT0062","first-page":"6","article-title":"Functional gastrointestinal disorders: history, pathophysiology, clinical features and Rome iv","volume":"1","author":"Drossman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2024110408204126000_CIT0063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12751","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2022.e12751","article-title":"Hypnotherapy and IBS: implicit, long-term stress memory in the ENS","volume":"9","author":"Csaszar-Nagy","year":"2023","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"2024110408204126000_CIT0064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2020.06.099","article-title":"Behavioral and diet therapies in integrated care for patients with irritable bowel syndrome","volume":"160","author":"Chey","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2024110408204126000_CIT0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398156","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/398156","article-title":"Irritable bowel syndrome: yoga as remedial therapy","volume":"2015","author":"Kavuri","year":"2015","journal-title":"Evid Based Complement Alternat Med"},{"key":"2024110408204126000_CIT0066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1140","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.11.279","article-title":"Neuromodulators for functional gastrointestinal disorders [disorders of gut-brain interaction]: a Rome foundation working team report","volume":"154","author":"Drossman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2024110408204126000_CIT0067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1007\/s11894-018-0664-3","article-title":"Psychotropics, antidepressants, and visceral analgesics in functional gastrointestinal disorders","volume":"20","author":"Tornblom","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Gastroenterol Rep"},{"key":"2024110408204126000_CIT0068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2019.09.024","article-title":"Effects of low fodmap diet on symptoms, fecal microbiome, and markers of inflammation in patients with quiescent inflammatory bowel disease in a randomized trial","volume":"158","author":"Cox","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2024110408204126000_CIT0069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.12320","article-title":"Randomized clinical trial on the effect of a multispecies probiotic on visceroperception in hypersensitive IBS patients","volume":"26","author":"Ludidi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol Motil"},{"key":"2024110408204126000_CIT0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e14095","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.14095","article-title":"Of bowels, brain and behavior: a role for the gut microbiota in psychiatric comorbidities in irritable bowel syndrome","volume":"33","author":"Wilmes","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol Motil"},{"key":"2024110408204126000_CIT0071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e14573","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.14573","article-title":"The microbiome in adolescents with irritable bowel syndrome and changes with percutaneous electrical nerve field stimulation","volume":"35","author":"Castillo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol Motil"},{"key":"2024110408204126000_CIT0072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0163202","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0163202","article-title":"Altered markers of brain development in Crohn\u2019s disease with extraintestinal manifestations: a pilot study","volume":"11","author":"Thomann","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2024110408204126000_CIT0073","first-page":"164","article-title":"Validation of the German Inflammatory Bowel Disease Fatigue [IBD-F] questionnaire","volume":"61","author":"Scholz","year":"2022","journal-title":"Z Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2024110408204126000_CIT0074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"935614","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.935614","article-title":"The therapeutic potential of non-invasive brain stimulation for the treatment of long-covid-related cognitive fatigue","volume":"13","author":"Linnhoff","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2024110408204126000_CIT0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104927","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2023.104927","article-title":"Non-invasive brain stimulation on clinical symptoms in multiple sclerosis patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"78","author":"Uygur-Kucukseymen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mult Scler Relat Disord"}],"container-title":["Journal of Crohn's and Colitis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ecco-jcc\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjae078\/58309581\/jjae078.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ecco-jcc\/article-pdf\/18\/11\/1767\/60242421\/jjae078.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ecco-jcc\/article-pdf\/18\/11\/1767\/60242421\/jjae078.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,4]],"date-time":"2024-11-04T08:22:10Z","timestamp":1730708530000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ecco-jcc\/article\/18\/11\/1767\/7675647"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,17]]},"references-count":75,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,17]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,4]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjae078","relation":{},"ISSN":["1873-9946","1876-4479"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1873-9946","type":"print"},{"value":"1876-4479","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,17]]}}}