{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T22:44:16Z","timestamp":1793659456922,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,3]],"date-time":"2025-06-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748908800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":211,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004359","name":"Swedish Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020-02021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020-02021"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004359","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Recent genetic and transcriptomic data highlight the need for improved molecular characterization of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Proteomics may advance the delineation of IBD phenotypes since it accounts for post-transcriptional modifications.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We aimed to assess the IBD spectrum based on inflammatory serum proteins and identify discriminative patterns of underlying biological subtypes across multiple European cohorts.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Using proximity extension methodology, we measured 86 inflammation-related serum proteins in 1551 IBD patients and 312 healthy controls (HC). We screened for proteins exhibiting significantly different levels among IBD subtypes and between IBD and HC. Classification models for differentiating between Crohn\u2019s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) were employed to explore the IBD spectrum based on estimated probability scores.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Levels of multiple proteins, such as interleukin-17A, matrix metalloproteinase-10, and fibroblast growth factor-19, differed (fold-change &amp;gt;1.2; false discovery rate &amp;lt;0.05) between ileal versus colonic IBD. Using multivariable models, a protein signature reflecting the IBD spectrum was identified, positioning colonic CD between UC and ileal CD, which were at opposite ends of the spectrum. Based on area under the curve (AUC) estimates, classification models more accurately differentiated UC from ileal CD (median AUCs\u2005&amp;gt; 0.73) than colonic CD (median AUCs\u2005&amp;lt; 0.62). Models differentiating colonic CD from ileal CD demonstrated intermediate performance (median AUCs: 0.67\u20130.69).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Our findings in serum proteins support the presence of a continuous IBD spectrum rather than a clear separation of CD and UC. Within the spectrum, disease location may reflect a more similar disease than CD versus UC, as colonic CD resembled UC more closely than ileal CD.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjae169","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,4]],"date-time":"2024-11-04T17:14:34Z","timestamp":1730740474000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Characterization of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Heterogeneity Using Serum Proteomics: A Multicenter Study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-8951-9839","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benita","family":"Salomon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, \u00d6rebro University , \u00d6rebro,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Padhmanand","family":"Sudhakar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chronic 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Gastroenterology, Dermatovenereology, and Rheumatology, Centre for Digestive Health, Karolinska University Hospital , Stockholm,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johan D","family":"S\u00f6derholm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Link\u00f6ping University , Link\u00f6ping,","place":["Sweden"]},{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Link\u00f6ping University , Link\u00f6ping,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lena","family":"\u00d6hman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg , G\u00f6teborg ,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"the BIO IBD Consortium, the COLLIBRI 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