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We aimed to evaluate the effects of glycemic index and glycemic load, 2 main indicators for measuring the quality and quantity of carbohydrates, on the risk of IBD subtypes (ie, Crohn\u2019s disease [CD] and ulcerative colitis [UC]).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We included 121\u2005148 UK Biobank participants without IBD at baseline, and collected dietary information from a validated web-based 24-hour dietary recall questionnaire. Overall dietary glycemic index and glycemic load were estimated. Cox proportional hazard models were used to calculate multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs. Substitution analyses were conducted to test associations after replacing medium- or high-glycemic-index foods with low-glycemic-index foods.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>During a median follow-up of 10.6 years, 133 incident CD and 335 incident UC cases were identified. Dietary glycemic index was associated with UC but not CD. The HR of UC was 1.13 (95% CI, 1.01\u20131.27) per 1-SD increment and 1.46 (95% CI, 1.07\u20131.99) for the highest versus lowest quartile of glycemic index. Replacing medium or medium- and high-glycemic-index foods with low-glycemic-index foods was associated with a lower risk of UC. No significant associations were found between dietary glycemic load with risk of CD and UC.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A higher dietary glycemic index, but not glycemic load, is associated with an increased risk of UC, underscoring the importance of considering glycemic index in dietary recommendations for UC prevention.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjaf036","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,6]],"date-time":"2025-03-06T21:11:01Z","timestamp":1741295461000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Higher dietary glycemic index, but not glycemic load, is associated with increased risk of ulcerative colitis: a prospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7382-6709","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shuyu","family":"Ye","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University , Changsha,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tian","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People\u2019s Hospital, School of Medicine, Westlake University , Hangzhou,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University , Changsha, Hunan,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yiwen","family":"Tu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1647-8151","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Judith","family":"Wellens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leuven University Hospital , Leuven,","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xuejie","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University , Changsha,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susanna C","family":"Larsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm,","place":["Sweden"]},{"name":"Medical Epidemiology, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University , Uppsala,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2252-684X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiangwei","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5963-2772","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lintao","family":"Dan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University , Changsha,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4029-4192","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jie","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University , Changsha,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2634-9668","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando","family":"Magro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, CINTESIS@RISE, University of Porto , Porto,","place":["Portugal"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025040410321558400_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2011.10.001","article-title":"Increasing incidence and prevalence of the inflammatory bowel 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