{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T23:37:39Z","timestamp":1776382659255,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,10]],"date-time":"2025-04-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744243200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Data about the efficacy of topical therapy with tacrolimus in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) are scarce. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate topical tacrolimus\u2019s (TT) effectiveness and adverse events in a real-world setting.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A multicenter retrospective study was conducted at 27 hospitals across Spain. Adult patients with UC who had received suppositories, enemas, or tacrolimus ointment due to persistent clinical or endoscopic activity despite topical mesalamine and\/or steroids from January 2009 to January 2023 were included. The primary outcome was clinical response at week 8.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A total of 148 patients were included. Sixty-nine patients (46.6%) received suppositories, 78 (52.7%) received enemas, and one patient used an ointment (0.7%). Clinical remission was achieved in 43 (33.6%), and clinical response in 76 (59.4%) patients at week 4. The primary outcome was achieved in 87 (67.4%), and clinical remission was achieved in 61 patients (47.3%) at week 8. Median tacrolimus trough level was 3.4\u00a0ng\/mL (IQR 1.5-6.7) at week 4 and 2.9\u00a0ng\/mL (IQR 1.5-6) at week 8. After a median follow-up of 55.1 weeks (IQR 40.6-55.7) since starting TT, 63 (42.6%) patients needed treatment escalation other than tacrolimus during the follow-up period, with a 1-year risk of treatment escalation of 46.2% (95% CI 37.3-56.1%). Adverse events were detected in 21 patients (14.2%), with 12 graded as mild and 9 as moderate (42.6%).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Topical tacrolimus is an effective therapy and could be considered in distal UC patients before initiating other advanced therapies when endoscopic activity remains.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjaf058","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,10]],"date-time":"2025-04-10T07:32:56Z","timestamp":1744270376000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Effectiveness and safety of rectal tacrolimus in patients with ulcerative colitis. TACRO-TOPIC study of GETECCU"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6746-1501","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Esteban","family":"Fuentes-Valenzuela","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Universitario Rio Hortega , Valladolid ,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Universitario Infanta Elena , Madrid ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Iria","family":"Bast\u00f3n-Rey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Department, Complexo Hospitalario de Santiago de Compostela, Fundaci\u00f3n Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (FIDIS) , Santiago de Compostela ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francisco Javier","family":"Garc\u00eda-Alonso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Department, 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,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Irene","family":"Garcia de la Filia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Universitario Ram\u00f3n y Cajal , Madrid ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andoni","family":"Pedraza P\u00e9rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Universitario de \u00c1lava , \u00c1lava ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rosa Mar\u00eda","family":"S\u00e1iz Chumillas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Universitario de Burgos , Burgos ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Pascual Oliver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet , Zaragoza ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carmen","family":"Mu\u00f1oz Villafranca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Universitario de Basurto , Bilbao ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Violeta","family":"Moreno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Department, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, ISABIAL, CIBERehd , Alicante ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Su\u00e1rez Ferrer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Universitario La Paz , Madrid ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gema","family":"Molina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Department, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Ferrol , Ferrol 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Ortiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Roc\u00edo , Sevilla ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jes\u00fas","family":"Barrio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Universitario Rio Hortega , Valladolid ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5915-1477","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuel","family":"Barreiro-de Acosta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Department, Complexo Hospitalario de Santiago de Compostela, Fundaci\u00f3n Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (FIDIS) , Santiago de Compostela 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