{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T13:07:31Z","timestamp":1778159251528,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,30]],"date-time":"2025-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751241600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012355","name":"United European Gastroenterology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012355","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background and Aims<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The disease course of microscopic colitis is largely unknown and current knowledge is based on retrospective data. The aim of the PRO-MC Collaboration is to prospectively describe the long-term disease course and prognostic factors.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Incident patients of microscopic colitis were included in a prospective, European, multicenter, web-based registry. Data on patient characteristics, symptoms, treatment, and quality of life were systematically registered at baseline and during fixed follow-up intervals. Four disease course phenotypes were defined.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Of 422 registered incident patients, 220 had a complete 5-year follow-up. After 5 years, 6% had a quiescent disease course, 54% achieved remission after treatment, 33% had a relapsing disease course, and 7% a chronic active disease course. Patients with a relapsing or chronic active disease course had a more impaired quality of life and were more often in need for long-term budesonide treatment. The disease course in the first year after diagnosis was the only predictor of the disease course.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Microscopic colitis is a chronic condition with relapsing or continuous disease course in nearly half of the patients during the first 5 years after diagnosis. The disease course in the first year predicts the long-term disease course.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjaf110","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,30]],"date-time":"2025-06-30T00:41:11Z","timestamp":1751244071000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["The long-term disease course of microscopic colitis: a European prospective incident cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2111-5363","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bas P M","family":"Verhaegh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Laurentius Hospital , Roermond ,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4703-581X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreas","family":"M\u00fcnch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology in Link\u00f6ping and Department of Health, Medicine, and Caring Sciences, Link\u00f6ping University , Link\u00f6ping ,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Danila","family":"Guagnozzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Neuro-Immuno-Gastroenterology, Vall d\u2019Hebron Institut de Recerca, Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d\u2019Hebron , Barcelona ,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Enfermedades Hep\u00e1ticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd) , Madrid ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Signe","family":"Wildt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The GastroUnit, Hvidovre, University Hospital of Copenhagen , Copenhagen ,","place":["Denmark"]},{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Zealand University Hospital , K\u00f8ge ,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wojciech","family":"Cebula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Nykoebing Falster Hospital , Nykoebing Falster ,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Natalia","family":"Pedersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Slagelse Hospital , Slagelse ,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vytautas","family":"Kiudelis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Institute for Digestive Research, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences , Kaunas ,","place":["Lithuania"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1183-1072","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alfredo J","family":"Lucendo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Enfermedades Hep\u00e1ticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd) , Madrid ,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital General de Tomelloso , Tomelloso ,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria de Castilla-La Mancha (IDISCAM) , Toledo ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ivan","family":"Lyutakov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Medical University of Sofia, University Hospital Tsaritsa Yoanna- ISUL , Sofia ,","place":["Bulgaria"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8964-5686","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gian-Eugenio","family":"Tontini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fondazione IRCCS C\u00e0 Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit , Milano ,","place":["Italy"]},{"name":"Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan , Milan ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Flavia","family":"Pig\u00f2","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterologia ed Endoscopia Digestiva, Ospedale Civile di Baggiovara , Modena ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Evangelos","family":"Russo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust , London ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Henrik","family":"Hjortswang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology in Link\u00f6ping and Department of Health, Medicine, and Caring Sciences, Link\u00f6ping University , Link\u00f6ping ,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lars K","family":"Munck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Zealand University Hospital , K\u00f8ge ,","place":["Denmark"]},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen ,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"the European Microscopic Colitis Group [EMCG]","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025072303514331200_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1177\/2050640620951905","article-title":"European guidelines on microscopic colitis: United European Gastroenterology and European Microscopic Colitis Group statements and recommendations","volume":"9","author":"Miehlke","year":"2021","journal-title":"United European Gastroenterol J"},{"key":"2025072303514331200_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2014.431","article-title":"Incidence, prevalence, and temporal trends of microscopic colitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"110","author":"Tong","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol."},{"key":"2025072303514331200_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1717","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjaa108","article-title":"Incidence and prevalence of microscopic colitis between 2001 and 2016: a Danish Nationwide Cohort Study","volume":"14","author":"Weimers","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Crohns Colitis."},{"key":"2025072303514331200_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2010.06.004","article-title":"Health-related quality of life is impaired in active collagenous colitis","volume":"43","author":"Hjortswang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Dig Liver Dis."},{"key":"2025072303514331200_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1111\/his.12592","article-title":"Histology of microscopic colitis-review with a practical approach for pathologists","volume":"66","author":"Langner","year":"2015","journal-title":"Histopathology."},{"key":"2025072303514331200_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1225","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2011.04865.x","article-title":"Microscopic colitis: clinical findings, topography and persistence of histopathological subgroups","volume":"34","author":"Bjornbak","year":"2011","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther."},{"key":"2025072303514331200_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjw037","article-title":"Prevalence and natural history of microscopic colitis: a population-based study with long-term clinical follow-up in Terrassa, Spain","volume":"10","author":"Fernandez-Banares","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Crohns Colitis."},{"key":"2025072303514331200_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00071","DOI":"10.14309\/ctg.0000000000000071","article-title":"Long-term natural history of microscopic colitis: a population-based cohort","volume":"10","author":"Loreau","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Transl Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2025072303514331200_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crohns.2011.01.004","article-title":"Clinical course of microscopic colitis in a single-center cohort study","volume":"5","author":"Calabrese","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Crohns Colitis."},{"key":"2025072303514331200_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1080\/00365520801958600","article-title":"Clinical features of microscopic colitis in a nation-wide follow-up study in Iceland","volume":"43","author":"Sveinsson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol."},{"key":"2025072303514331200_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1174","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjab007","article-title":"Course of disease in patients with microscopic colitis: a European Prospective Incident Cohort Study","volume":"15","author":"Verhaegh","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Crohns Colitis."},{"key":"2025072303514331200_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1875","DOI":"10.1002\/ibd.20977","article-title":"Defining clinical criteria for clinical remission and disease activity in collagenous colitis","volume":"15","author":"Hjortswang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis."},{"key":"2025072303514331200_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.3109\/00365529709011203","article-title":"Stool form scale as a useful guide to intestinal transit time","volume":"32","author":"Lewis","year":"1997","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol."},{"key":"2025072303514331200_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"932","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crohns.2012.05.014","article-title":"Microscopic colitis: current status, present and future challenges. Statements of the European Microscopic Colitis Group","volume":"6","author":"Munch","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Crohns Colitis."},{"key":"2025072303514331200_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151520","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anndiagpath.2020.151520","article-title":"An investigation of European pathologists\u2019 approach to diagnose microscopic colitis","volume":"46","author":"Goudkade","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Diagn Pathol."},{"key":"2025072303514331200_CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.3109\/00365521.2013.800993","article-title":"Microscopic colitis in Uppsala health region, a population-based prospective study 2005-2009","volume":"48","author":"Thorn","year":"2013","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol."},{"key":"2025072303514331200_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2006-926963","article-title":"Clinical course of collagenous colitis over a period of 10 years","volume":"44","author":"Madisch","year":"2006","journal-title":"Z Gastroenterol."},{"key":"2025072303514331200_CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.12685","article-title":"Long-term prognosis of clinical symptoms and health-related quality of life in microscopic colitis: a case-control study","volume":"39","author":"Nyhlin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther."},{"key":"2025072303514331200_CIT0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1731","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2023.12.019","article-title":"Fecal urgency in ulcerative colitis: impact on quality of life and psychological well-being in active and inactive disease states","volume":"22","author":"Nigam","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol."},{"key":"2025072303514331200_CIT0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.16381","article-title":"Histological disease activity in patients with microscopic colitis is not related to clinical disease activity or long-term prognosis","volume":"54","author":"Olsen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther."},{"key":"2025072303514331200_CIT0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3108","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-021-07162-4","article-title":"Clinical characteristics and treatment response in microscopic colitis based on age at diagnosis: a multicenter retrospective study","volume":"67","author":"Kamboj","year":"2022","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci."},{"key":"2025072303514331200_CIT0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gastha.2023.11.019","article-title":"Follow-up of microscopic colitis patients and diarrhea controls at 1 year","volume":"3","author":"Redd","year":"2024","journal-title":"Gastro Hep Adv."},{"key":"2025072303514331200_CIT0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-023-01914-4","article-title":"Effectiveness of non-budesonide therapies in management of microscopic colitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"83","author":"Rehde","year":"2023","journal-title":"Drugs."},{"key":"2025072303514331200_CIT0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0000000000001914","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of vedolizumab and tumor necrosis factor inhibitors in the treatment of steroid-refractory microscopic colitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"58","author":"El Hage Chehade","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol."},{"key":"2025072303514331200_CIT0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"826","DOI":"10.1080\/00365520310004461","article-title":"Bile acid malabsorption in patients with chronic diarrhoea: clinical value of SeHCAT test","volume":"38","author":"Wildt","year":"2003","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol."},{"key":"2025072303514331200_CIT0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.2147\/CEG.S246004","article-title":"Faecal calprotectin and 7-alpha cholestenone levels in microscopic colitis: experience from Edinburgh","volume":"13","author":"Davie","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Exp Gastroenterol."},{"key":"2025072303514331200_CIT0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2023.04.031","article-title":"Bile acid sequestrants in microscopic colitis: clinical outcomes and utility of bile acid testing","volume":"21","author":"Tome","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol."},{"key":"2025072303514331200_CIT0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1792","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000002886","article-title":"Effectiveness of bile acid sequestrants in microscopic colitis and utility of bile acid testing: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"119","author":"Tome","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol."},{"key":"2025072303514331200_CIT0029","first-page":"1019","article-title":"UEG Week 2024 Poster Presentations, PP0607 - prevalence of bile acid diarrhoea in patients wth active microscopic colitis; a prospective study","volume":"12","author":"Due Lorentsen","year":"2024","journal-title":"United European Gastroenterol J"},{"key":"2025072303514331200_CIT0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1080\/003655201750163033","article-title":"Long-term course in collagenous colitis and the impact of bile acid malabsorption and bile acid sequestrants on histopathology and clinical features","volume":"36","author":"Ung","year":"2001","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol."},{"key":"2025072303514331200_CIT0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0000000000001496","article-title":"Bile acid sequestrant therapy in microscopic colitis","volume":"56","author":"Northcutt","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol."},{"key":"2025072303514331200_CIT0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(22)00401-0","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of colesevelam for the treatment of bile acid diarrhoea: a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 4 clinical trial","volume":"8","author":"Borup","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"2025072303514331200_CIT0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1177\/2050640616651200","article-title":"Cross-border scientific projects run by UEG national member societies reduce health inequalities across Europe","volume":"4","author":"Munch","year":"2016","journal-title":"United European Gastroenterol J"}],"container-title":["Journal of Crohn's and Colitis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ecco-jcc\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjaf110\/63624648\/jjaf110.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ecco-jcc\/article-pdf\/19\/7\/jjaf110\/63624648\/jjaf110.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ecco-jcc\/article-pdf\/19\/7\/jjaf110\/63624648\/jjaf110.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,23]],"date-time":"2025-07-23T07:51:53Z","timestamp":1753257113000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ecco-jcc\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjaf110\/8178203"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,30]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,3]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjaf110","relation":{},"ISSN":["1873-9946","1876-4479"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1873-9946","type":"print"},{"value":"1876-4479","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,30]]},"article-number":"jjaf110"}}