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While recent years have seen the emergence of numerous advanced therapies targeting inflammatory cytokines and their associated signaling pathways, achieving high rates of sustained remission remains a significant challenge.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Stimulatory and inhibitory immune checkpoints, which are induced upon T cell activation, play a critical role in fine-tuning the immune response. Immune checkpoint inhibitors, by restoring T cell activity, have revolutionized cancer treatment. Conversely, modulating checkpoint molecules offers a promising strategy to dampen the excessive immune response observed in immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) such as IBD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of immune checkpoint molecules, explore the rationale for targeting them in IBD, and summarize current evidence from clinical trials investigating checkpoint modulation in IMIDs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjaf160","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,2]],"date-time":"2025-09-02T11:42:56Z","timestamp":1756813376000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Modulating checkpoint molecules in inflammatory bowel diseases as a new therapeutic strategy: a narrative review"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-3222-0529","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zlata","family":"Chkolnaia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Department, Paris Est Cr\u00e9teil University UPEC, Assistance Publique-H\u00f4pitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Henri Mondor Hospital , Cr\u00e9teil, F-94010,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2088-091X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Walter","family":"Reinisch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medizinische Universit\u00e4t Wien Klinische Abt. Gastroenterologie & Hepatologie, AKH Wien Arbeitsgruppe Chronisch Entz\u00fcndliche Darmerkrankungen (CED) , Wien, A-1090,","place":["Austria"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mathieu","family":"Uzzan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Department, Paris Est Cr\u00e9teil University UPEC, Assistance Publique-H\u00f4pitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Henri Mondor Hospital , Cr\u00e9teil, F-94010,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025102819155079000_jjaf160-B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1693","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2011-301668","article-title":"Secukinumab, a human anti-IL-17A monoclonal antibody, for moderate to severe Crohn\u2019s disease: unexpected results of a randomised, double-blind placebo-controlled 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