{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,24]],"date-time":"2025-12-24T05:45:48Z","timestamp":1766555148716,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,24]],"date-time":"2025-11-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763942400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"name":"Swedish Society of Medical Research, Bengt Ihre Foundation, and Karolinska Institutet"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Microscopic colitis (MC) is a chronic gastrointestinal disease with disabling symptoms and associated comorbidities. Yet, the economic impact of MC has not been studied. In this cost-of-illness study, we estimated the economic burden of MC.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We used histopathology reports from all of Sweden\u2019s 28 pathology departments to identify 11\u2009517 adult patients with biopsy-proven MC as of January 1, 2017. Each patient was compared to up to five general-population comparators matched on sex, age, and county of residence. Mean costs for the calendar year of 2016 were calculated based on nationwide register data encompassing healthcare use, dispensed medications, and work loss derived from sick leave and disability leave. The number of budesonide treatments following MC diagnosis was used as a proxy for disease activity. Mean differences were further adjusted for education level.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Compared with the general population, patients with MC had an annual mean excess cost of $4805 (USD; adjusted mean difference [95% CI], $4974 [$4650; $5298]), corresponding to a cost ratio of 1.84 (95% CI, 1.74; 1.95). Based on an estimated disease prevalence of \u223c0.1%, the economic burden of MC was $1.2 million per 100\u2009000 inhabitants. No significant cost differences were seen based on subtype or sociodemographic factors. However, a high disease activity was associated with higher costs driven by excess work loss.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Compared with the general population, patients with MC had almost twice as high annual mean costs. Excess costs were particularly high in patients with a high disease activity at onset, mainly driven by work loss.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjaf204","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,24]],"date-time":"2025-11-24T12:36:26Z","timestamp":1763987786000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Economic burden of microscopic colitis in relation to disease activity: a nationwide cost-of-illness study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2862-8855","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Soran R","family":"Bozorg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm,","place":["Sweden"]},{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, Karolinska University Hospital , Stockholm,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Bergman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anne F","family":"Peery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina , Chapel Hill, NC,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karl","family":"M\u00e5rild","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy , G\u00f6teborg,","place":["Sweden"]},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Queen Silvia Children\u2019s Hospital , G\u00f6teborg,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Neovius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology Division, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0311-8894","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00c5sa H","family":"Everhov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology Division, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm,","place":["Sweden"]},{"name":"Department of Clinical Science and Education, South General Hospital, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hamed","family":"Khalili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jonas F","family":"Ludvigsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm,","place":["Sweden"]},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, \u00d6rebro University Hospital , \u00d6rebro,","place":["Sweden"]},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons , Columbia, NY,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025122400320960600_jjaf204-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2024.08.026","article-title":"Update on the epidemiology and management of microscopic colitis","volume":"23","author":"Peery","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol 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