{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T05:41:00Z","timestamp":1790228460890,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":87,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,23]],"date-time":"2018-01-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1516665600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/about_us\/legal\/notices"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["nos. 81672517"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["nos. 81672517"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81372636"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81372636"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81572378"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81572378"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81502020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81502020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81774112"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81774112"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004921","name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["no. YG2014MS71"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["no. YG2014MS71"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004921","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,27]]},"DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjy006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,15]],"date-time":"2018-01-15T07:08:05Z","timestamp":1516000085000},"page":"546-558","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":59,"title":["Reduced Risk of Inflammatory Bowel Disease-associated Colorectal Neoplasia with Use of Thiopurines: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3676-5254","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhehui","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China"},{"name":"Shanghai Colorectal Cancer Research Center, Shanghai, PR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zubing","family":"Mei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anorectal Surgery, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, PR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuegui","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China"},{"name":"Shanghai Colorectal Cancer Research Center, Shanghai, PR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guanghui","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China"},{"name":"Shanghai Colorectal Cancer Research Center, Shanghai, PR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tingyu","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China"},{"name":"Shanghai Colorectal Cancer Research Center, Shanghai, PR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ximao","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China"},{"name":"Shanghai Colorectal Cancer Research Center, Shanghai, PR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenyu","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Colorectal Cancer Research Center, Shanghai, PR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yilian","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China"},{"name":"Shanghai Colorectal Cancer Research Center, Shanghai, PR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dongpeng","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China"},{"name":"Shanghai Colorectal Cancer Research Center, Shanghai, PR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinglve","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China"},{"name":"Shanghai Colorectal Cancer Research Center, Shanghai, PR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hailan","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China"},{"name":"Shanghai Colorectal Cancer Research Center, Shanghai, PR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weimin","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China"},{"name":"Shanghai Colorectal Cancer Research Center, Shanghai, PR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Long","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China"},{"name":"Shanghai Colorectal Cancer Research Center, Shanghai, PR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chenying","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China"},{"name":"Shanghai Colorectal Cancer Research Center, Shanghai, PR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180427065450_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1982","DOI":"10.1097\/MIB.0000000000000392","article-title":"Extraintestinal manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"21","author":"Vavricka","year":"2015","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180427065450_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crohns.2013.01.010","article-title":"The burden of inflammatory bowel disease in Europe","volume":"7","author":"Burisch","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Crohns Colitis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180427065450_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"942","DOI":"10.3109\/00365521.2015.1014407","article-title":"The epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"50","author":"Burisch","year":"2015","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180427065450_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.39.5.690","article-title":"Incidence of inflammatory bowel disease across Europe: is there a difference between north and south? Results of the European Collaborative Study on Inflammatory Bowel Disease (EC-IBD)","volume":"39","author":"Shivananda","year":"1996","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180427065450_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"950","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.35.7.950","article-title":"Similarity of colorectal cancer in Crohn\u2019s disease and ulcerative colitis: implications for carcinogenesis and prevention","volume":"35","author":"Choi","year":"1994","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180427065450_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.48.4.526","article-title":"The risk of colorectal cancer in ulcerative colitis: a meta-analysis","volume":"48","author":"Eaden","year":"2001","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180427065450_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4794","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v22.i20.4794","article-title":"Inflammatory bowel disease and cancer: The role of inflammation, immunosuppression, and cancer treatment","volume":"22","author":"Axelrad","year":"2016","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180427065450_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G7","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00079.2004","article-title":"Inflammation and cancer IV. Colorectal cancer in inflammatory bowel disease: the role of inflammation","volume":"287","author":"Itzkowitz","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180427065450_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2009.12.035","article-title":"AGA technical review on the diagnosis and management of colorectal neoplasia in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"138","author":"Farraye","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180427065450_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.13715","article-title":"Chemopreventive effects of 5-aminosalicylic acid on inflammatory bowel disease-associated colorectal cancer and dysplasia: a systematic review with meta-analysis","volume":"8","author":"Qiu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180427065450_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2733","DOI":"10.1097\/MIB.0000000000000923","article-title":"Experts opinion on the practical use of azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"22","author":"Mottet","year":"2016","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180427065450_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1097\/01.MIB.0000436277.13917.c4","article-title":"Initial disease course and treatment in an inflammatory bowel disease inception cohort in Europe: the ECCO-EpiCom cohort","volume":"20","author":"Burisch","year":"2014","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180427065450_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1871","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1114233","article-title":"Azathioprine and UVA light generate mutagenic oxidative DNA damage","volume":"309","author":"O\u2019Donovan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180427065450_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2008.10.002","article-title":"Immune escape by Epstein\u2013Barr virus associated malignancies","volume":"18","author":"M\u00fcnz","year":"2008","journal-title":"Semin Cancer Biol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180427065450_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1936","article-title":"Cancer despite immunosurveillance: immunoselection and immunosubversion","volume":"6","author":"Zitvogel","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180427065450_CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2013.03.044","article-title":"Risk of colorectal high-grade dysplasia and cancer in a prospective observational cohort of patients with inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"145","author":"Beaugerie","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180427065450_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1225","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2036.2002.01297.x","article-title":"Long-term risk of malignancy after treatment of inflammatory bowel disease with azathioprine","volume":"16","author":"Fraser","year":"2002","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180427065450_CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1097\/01.MIB.0000217770.21261.ce","article-title":"Risk factors for ulcerative colitis-associated colorectal cancer in a Hungarian cohort of patients with ulcerative colitis: results of a population-based study","volume":"12","author":"Lakatos","year":"2006","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180427065450_CIT0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.28346","article-title":"Inflammation and disease duration have a cumulative effect on the risk of dysplasia and carcinoma in IBD: a case-control observational study based on registry data","volume":"134","author":"Nieminen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180427065450_CIT0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1601","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2013.06.023","article-title":"Inflammation is an independent risk factor for colonic neoplasia in patients with ulcerative colitis: a case-control study","volume":"11","author":"Rubin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180427065450_CIT0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.13897","article-title":"The effects of aminosalicylates or thiopurines on the risk of colorectal cancer in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"45","author":"Carrat","year":"2017","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180427065450_CIT0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1793","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2014.05.019","article-title":"Thiopurines and risk of colorectal neoplasia in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Jess","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180427065450_CIT0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e81487","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0081487","article-title":"Use of thiopurines and risk of colorectal neoplasia in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases: a meta-analysis","volume":"8","author":"Gong","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180427065450_CIT0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1228","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199011013231802","article-title":"Ulcerative colitis and colorectal cancer. A population-based study","volume":"323","author":"Ekbom","year":"1990","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180427065450_CIT0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1561","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2009.01.064","article-title":"Decreasing time-trends of colorectal cancer in a large cohort of patients with inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"136","author":"S\u00f6derlund","year":"2009","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180427065450_CIT0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2012.01.010","article-title":"Risk of colorectal cancer in patients with ulcerative colitis: a meta-analysis of population-based cohort studies","volume":"10","author":"Jess","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180427065450_CIT0027","first-page":"1404","article-title":"Primary sclerosing cholangitis and ulcerative colitis: evidence for increased neoplastic potential","volume":"22","author":"Broom\u00e9","year":"1995","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180427065450_CIT0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1067\/mge.2002.125367","article-title":"Increased risk of colorectal neoplasia in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis and ulcerative colitis: a meta-analysis","volume":"56","author":"Soetikno","year":"2002","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180427065450_CIT0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1000097","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000097","article-title":"Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement","volume":"6","author":"Moher","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180427065450_CIT0030","author":"Wells"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180427065450_CIT0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1539","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.1186","article-title":"Quantifying heterogeneity in a meta-analysis","volume":"21","author":"Higgins","year":"2002","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180427065450_CIT0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.327.7414.557","article-title":"Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses","volume":"327","author":"Higgins","year":"2003","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180427065450_CIT0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.326.7382.219","article-title":"Interaction revisited: the difference between two estimates","volume":"326","author":"Altman","year":"2003","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180427065450_CIT0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2016.11.025","article-title":"Incidence, risk factors, and outcomes of colorectal cancer in patients with ulcerative colitis with low-grade dysplasia: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"15","author":"Fumery","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180427065450_CIT0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1088","DOI":"10.2307\/2533446","article-title":"Operating characteristics of a rank correlation test for publication bias","volume":"50","author":"Begg","year":"1994","journal-title":"Biometrics"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180427065450_CIT0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.315.7109.629","article-title":"Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test","volume":"315","author":"Egger","year":"1997","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180427065450_CIT0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.47.4.514","article-title":"Increased incidence of non-Hodgkin\u2019s lymphoma in inflammatory bowel disease patients on immunosuppressive therapy but overall risk is low","volume":"47","author":"Farrell","year":"2000","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180427065450_CIT0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1573","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2005.070896","article-title":"5-Aminosalicylate use and colorectal cancer risk in inflammatory bowel disease: a large epidemiological study","volume":"54","author":"van Staa","year":"2005","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180427065450_CIT0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1002\/ibd.20074","article-title":"5-Aminosalicylic acid therapy and the risk of colorectal cancer among patients with inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"13","author":"Terdiman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180427065450_CIT0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1097\/00054725-200606000-00008","article-title":"Risk factors for colorectal cancer in Crohn\u2019s colitis: a case-control study","volume":"12","author":"Siegel","year":"2006","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180427065450_CIT0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S130","DOI":"10.1016\/S1590-8658(10)60190-9","article-title":"Biologic therapies, thiopurines and cancer in inflammatory bowel disease: a single-center cohort study in 1118 patients","volume":"42","author":"Biancone","year":"2010","journal-title":"Digestive Liver Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180427065450_CIT0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A54","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(09)60246-8","article-title":"Thiopurine therapy is associated with a three-fold decrease in the incidence of advanced colorectal neoplasia in IBD patients with longstanding extensive colitis: results from the CESAME cohort","volume":"136","author":"Beaugerie","year":"2009","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180427065450_CIT0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S47","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(10)60213-2","article-title":"Aminosalicylates, thiopurines and the risk of colorectal cancer in inflammatory bowel diseases: a case-control study nested in the CESAME cohort","volume":"138","author":"Carrat","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180427065450_CIT0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S266","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(11)61068-8","article-title":"Incidence of dysplasia and colorectal cancer in patients with ulcerative colitis included in the spanish eneida registry","volume":"140","author":"Gordillo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180427065450_CIT0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjv145","article-title":"Thiopurine therapy reduces the incidence of colorectal neoplasia in patients with ulcerative colitis. Data from the ENEIDA registry","volume":"9","author":"Gordillo","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Crohns Colitis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180427065450_CIT0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2007.08.001","article-title":"Histologic inflammation is a risk factor for progression to colorectal neoplasia in ulcerative colitis: a cohort study","volume":"133","author":"Gupta","year":"2007","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180427065450_CIT0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1016\/S1542-3565(05)00738-X","article-title":"Chemoprevention of colorectal neoplasia in ulcerative colitis: the effect of 6-mercaptopurine","volume":"3","author":"Matula","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180427065450_CIT0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S536","DOI":"10.14309\/00000434-201310001-01776","article-title":"The role of azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine in the development of colorectal cancer among patients with crohn\u2019s disease and ulcerative colitis","volume":"108","author":"Nwagwu-Youlo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180427065450_CIT0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S80","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjw019.108","article-title":"Predictors of first neoplastic colonic lesion in patients with inflammatory bowel disease undergoing colonoscopic surveillance","volume":"10","author":"Kirchgesner","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Crohns Colitis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180427065450_CIT0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1249","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(94)92150-4","article-title":"Long-term neoplasia risk after azathioprine treatment in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"343","author":"Connell","year":"1994","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180427065450_CIT0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2011.06865.x","article-title":"Use of thiopurines in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease is associated with an increased risk of non-melanoma skin cancer in an at-risk population: a cohort study","volume":"27","author":"Setshedi","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180427065450_CIT0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2011.237412","article-title":"Thiopurines prevent advanced colorectal neoplasia in patients with inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"61","author":"van Schaik","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180427065450_CIT0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2012.10.038","article-title":"Long-term outcome of patients with Crohn\u2019s disease who respond to azathioprine","volume":"11","author":"Camus","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180427065450_CIT0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4877","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v19.i30.4877","article-title":"Thiopurines related malignancies in inflammatory bowel disease: local experience in Granada, Spain","volume":"19","author":"G\u00f3mez-Garc\u00eda","year":"2013","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180427065450_CIT0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1296","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kws375","article-title":"Use of azathioprine and the risk of cancer in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"177","author":"Pasternak","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180427065450_CIT0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1097\/MIB.0b013e318289664c","article-title":"Is treatment with 6-mercaptopurine for colitis associated with the development of colorectal cancer","volume":"19","author":"Satchi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180427065450_CIT0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(97)70215-4","article-title":"The effect of folic acid supplementation on the risk for cancer or dysplasia in ulcerative colitis","volume":"112","author":"Lashner","year":"1997","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180427065450_CIT0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-134-2-200101160-00008","article-title":"Ursodiol use is associated with lower prevalence of colonic neoplasia in patients with ulcerative colitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"134","author":"Tung","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180427065450_CIT0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2003.11.010","article-title":"Severity of inflammation is a risk factor for colorectal neoplasia in ulcerative colitis","volume":"126","author":"Rutter","year":"2004","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180427065450_CIT0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1941","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2006.03.028","article-title":"Predictive and protective factors associated with colorectal cancer in ulcerative colitis: a case-control study","volume":"130","author":"Velayos","year":"2006","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180427065450_CIT0061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1604","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2009.745","article-title":"Risk of cancer in inflammatory bowel disease treated with azathioprine: a UK population-based case-control study","volume":"105","author":"Armstrong","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180427065450_CIT0062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1696","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-009-0942-x","article-title":"Mesalamine protects against colorectal cancer in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"55","author":"Tang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180427065450_CIT0063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2010.428","article-title":"The risk of inflammatory bowel disease-related colorectal carcinoma is limited: results from a nationwide nested case-control study","volume":"106","author":"Baars","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180427065450_CIT0064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjv145","article-title":"Thiopurine therapy reduces the incidence of colorectal neoplasia in patients with ulcerative colitis. Data from the ENEIDA registry","volume":"9","author":"Gordillo","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Crohns Colitis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180427065450_CIT0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-014-3373-2","article-title":"The risk of colorectal cancer in patients with ulcerative colitis","volume":"60","author":"Nowacki","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180427065450_CIT0066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1847","DOI":"10.1097\/MIB.0000000000000457","article-title":"Risk of lymphoma, colorectal and skin cancer in patients with IBD treated with immunomodulators and biologics: a Quebec claims database study","volume":"21","author":"Kopylov","year":"2015","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180427065450_CIT0067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1093\/gastro\/gov007","article-title":"Primary sclerosing cholangitis and the risk of colon neoplasia in patients with Crohn\u2019s colitis","volume":"4","author":"Navaneethan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Rep (Oxf)"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180427065450_CIT0068","first-page":"175","article-title":"[Risk factors for ulcerative colitis associated colorectal cancers in a Hungarian cohort of ulcerative colitis patients]","volume":"147","author":"Lakatos","year":"2006","journal-title":"Orv Hetil"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180427065450_CIT0069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2013.03.014","article-title":"Precancerous lesions in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"27","author":"Harpaz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180427065450_CIT0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1643","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.1999.01156.x","article-title":"The risk for cancer or dysplasia in ulcerative colitis patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"94","author":"Shetty","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180427065450_CIT0071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S970","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(16)33291-7","article-title":"Thiopurine mediated chemoprevention of colitis-associated colorectal dysplasia","volume":"150","author":"Jose","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180427065450_CIT0072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2005.068809","article-title":"Randomised controlled trial of azathioprine and 5-aminosalicylic acid for treatment of steroid dependent ulcerative colitis","volume":"55","author":"Ardizzone","year":"2006","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180427065450_CIT0073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1751","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2036.2002.01340.x","article-title":"Azathioprine or methotrexate in the treatment of patients with steroid-dependent or steroid-resistant ulcerative colitis: results of an open-label study on efficacy and tolerability in inducing and maintaining remission","volume":"16","author":"Paoluzi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180427065450_CIT0074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1002\/ibd.20997","article-title":"Importance of mucosal healing in ulcerative colitis","volume":"16","author":"Lichtenstein","year":"2010","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180427065450_CIT0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-016-0676-y","article-title":"Mucosal healing in ulcerative colitis: a comprehensive review","volume":"77","author":"Boal Carvalho","year":"2017","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180427065450_CIT0076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75616","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.12313","article-title":"Interconnections between apoptotic and autophagic pathways during thiopurine-induced toxicity in cancer cells: the role of reactive oxygen species","volume":"7","author":"Chaabane","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180427065450_CIT0077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjv099","article-title":"Treatment steps, surgery, and hospitalization rates during the first year of follow-up in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases from the 2011 ECCO-Epicom inception cohort","volume":"9","author":"Vegh","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Crohns Colitis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180427065450_CIT0078","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2013-304636","article-title":"East\u2013West gradient in the incidence of inflammatory bowel disease in Europe: the ECCO-EpiCom inception cohort","volume":"63","author":"Burisch","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180427065450_CIT0079","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1506","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crohns.2014.06.004","article-title":"Incidence and initial disease course of inflammatory bowel diseases in 2011 in Europe and Australia: results of the 2011 ECCO-EpiCom inception cohort","volume":"8","author":"Vegh","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Crohns Colitis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180427065450_CIT0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1097\/MIB.0000000000000250","article-title":"Costs and resource utilization for diagnosis and treatment during the initial year in a European inflammatory bowel disease inception cohort: an ECCO-EpiCom Study","volume":"21","author":"Burisch","year":"2015","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180427065450_CIT0081","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1617","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)61302-7","article-title":"Lymphoproliferative disorders in patients receiving thiopurines for inflammatory bowel disease: a prospective observational cohort study","volume":"374","author":"Beaugerie","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180427065450_CIT0082","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2013.07.035","article-title":"Risk of lymphoma in patients with ulcerative colitis treated with thiopurines: a nationwide retrospective cohort study","volume":"145","author":"Khan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180427065450_CIT0083","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1621","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2011.06.050","article-title":"Increased risk for nonmelanoma skin cancers in patients who receive thiopurines for inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"141","author":"Peyrin-Biroulet","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180427065450_CIT0084","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjw168","article-title":"3rd European Evidence-based Consensus on the Diagnosis and Management of Crohn\u2019s Disease 2016: Part 1: Diagnosis and Medical Management","volume":"11","author":"Gomoll\u00f3n","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Crohns Colitis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180427065450_CIT0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1097\/MIB.0000000000000197","article-title":"Update 2014: advances to optimize 6-mercaptopurine and azathioprine to reduce toxicity and improve efficacy in the management of IBD","volume":"21","author":"Amin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180427065450_CIT0086","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2013.10.052","article-title":"Combination therapy with infliximab and azathioprine is superior to monotherapy with either agent in ulcerative colitis","volume":"146","author":"Panaccione","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180427065450_CIT0087","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1086","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc1005805","article-title":"Infliximab, azathioprine, or combination therapy for Crohn\u2019s disease","volume":"363","author":"Ruffolo","year":"2010","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"}],"container-title":["Journal of Crohn's and Colitis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ecco-jcc\/article-pdf\/12\/5\/546\/24719458\/jjy006.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,9]],"date-time":"2019-10-09T06:40:56Z","timestamp":1570603256000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ecco-jcc\/article\/12\/5\/546\/4822002"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,23]]},"references-count":87,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,23]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,27]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjy006","relation":{},"ISSN":["1873-9946","1876-4479"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1873-9946","type":"print"},{"value":"1876-4479","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2018,5]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,23]]}}}