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While these trade-offs have been well-studied across taxa, less is known about how costs and benefits vary in different life-history contexts, and associated consequences. To address this question, we compared responses of the yellow fever mosquito (Aedes aegypti [Diptera: Culicidae]) to predation threat from guppy (Poecilia reticulata [Cyprinodontiformes: Poeciliidae]) across two life-history stages\u2014larvae (data from previous study) and pupae (from this study). Pupae are motile but do not feed and are comparable to larvae in terms of behavior. To understand how physiological costs affect the threat sensitivity of pupae, we used sex (with size as a covariate) as a proxy for stored energy reserves, and quantified movement and space use patterns of male (small-sized) and female (large-sized) pupae when exposed to predation threat. We found that pupae did not alter movement when exposed to predator cues but instead altered spatial use by spending more time at the bottom of the water column. We found no effect of pupa sex (or size) on the behavioral responses we measured. We conclude that pupa behavior, both antipredatory and otherwise, is primarily targeted at minimizing energy expenditure, as compared with larval behavior, which appears to balance energy expenditure between the opposing pressures of foraging and of avoiding predation. We suggest that antipredatory defenses in metamorphosing prey are modulated by varying energetic trade-offs associated with different life-history stages.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/ee\/nvaa101","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,1]],"date-time":"2020-08-01T11:10:23Z","timestamp":1596280223000},"page":"1032-1040","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Antipredatory Responses of Mosquito Pupae to Non-Lethal Predation Threat\u2014Behavioral Plasticity Across Life-History Stages"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"49","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8262-1510","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karthikeyan","family":"Chandrasegaran","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA"},{"name":"National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India"},{"name":"School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India"},{"name":"Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rasikapriyaa","family":"Sriramamurthy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India"},{"name":"School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Avehi","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India"},{"name":"Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India"},{"name":"Department of Entomology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pooja","family":"Ravichandran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India"},{"name":"School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suhel","family":"Quader","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India"},{"name":"Nature Conservation Foundation, Mysuru, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020101711051757600_CIT0001","first-page":"252","article-title":"Odonate nymphs: generalist predators and their potential in the management of dengue mosquito, Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae)","volume":"10","author":"Akram","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. 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