{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,27]],"date-time":"2025-04-27T18:01:10Z","timestamp":1745776870161,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000199","name":"U.S. Department of Agriculture","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000199","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,19]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Lymantria dispar L. is a serious invasive defoliator of broadleaf trees in both North America and Eurasia. When rearing L. dispar for research, the artificial diet must have a source of iron that is bioavailable and in the quantity needed to ensure normal development and survival. The standard iron supplement in L. dispar diet, amorphous ferric phosphate, is no longer commercially available, which motivated studies on alternative iron sources and concentrations. The responses of three L. dispar populations (including an L. dispar asiatica Vnukovskij population) to seven different iron doses were determined over two generations. The response to eight iron compounds and no added iron was also assessed over two generations for an L. dispar dispar population. The optimal levels of iron were 100, 150, and 198 mg\/l of available iron for the New Jersey Standard Strain, a near-wild West Virginia population, and a near-wild Russian Far East population, respectively. All three populations showed symptoms of insufficient iron when reared on the lowest dose of iron and signs of excess iron at the highest two doses. All of the alternate iron sources evaluated provided adequate available iron, although three sources had some issues that may not make them the best options. These results reveal differences in nutritional requirements among different populations of L. dispar and verify the existence of viable replacement sources of iron for the standard amorphous ferric phosphate long used in L. dispar rearing.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/ee\/nvac043","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,7]],"date-time":"2022-07-07T15:27:04Z","timestamp":1657207624000},"page":"806-814","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Effects of Dietary Iron Quantities and Sources on <i>Lymantria dispar<\/i> (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) Survival and Development"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"51","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3099-6243","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melody A","family":"Keena","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Northern Research Station, Forest Service, United States Department of Agriculture , 51 Mill Pond Road, Hamden, CT 06514 , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022081908583489500_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22010228","article-title":"Essential (Mg, Fe, Zn and Cu) and non-essential (Cd and Pb) elements in predatory insects (Vespa crabro and Vespa velutina): a molecular perspective.","volume":"22","author":"Andreani","year":"2021","journal-title":"Inter. J. Mol. Sci"},{"key":"2022081908583489500_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-1790(84)90057-X","article-title":"Insect flight muscle metabolism.","volume":"14","author":"Beenakkers","year":"1984","journal-title":"Insect Biochem"},{"key":"2022081908583489500_CIT0003","first-page":"599","article-title":"Development of mass-rearing technology,","volume-title":"The gypsy moth: research toward integrated pest management","author":"Bell","year":"1981"},{"key":"2022081908583489500_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/71.5.1147","article-title":"Prediction of dietary iron absorption: an algorithm for calculating absorption and bioavailability of dietary iron.","volume":"71","author":"Hallberg","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr"},{"key":"2022081908583489500_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0133499","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0133499","article-title":"Ferritin is required in multiple tissues during Drosophila melanogaster development.","volume":"10","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Morales","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2022081908583489500_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2737\/NE-GTR-181","volume-title":"Effects of laboratory testing on the gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae)","author":"Keena","year":"1994"},{"key":"2022081908583489500_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.3390\/insects11040260","article-title":"Comparison of survival and development of gypsy moth Lymantria dispar L. (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) populations from different geographic areas on North American conifers.","volume":"11","author":"Keena","year":"2020","journal-title":"Insects"},{"key":"2022081908583489500_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1093\/aesa\/88.5.680","article-title":"Phenotypic response of two successive gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) generations to environment and diet in the laboratory.","volume":"88","author":"Keena","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am"},{"key":"2022081908583489500_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1093\/aesa\/91.5.710","article-title":"Environmentally based maternal effects are the primary factor in determining the developmental response of gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) to dietary iron deficiency.","volume":"91","author":"Keena","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am"},{"key":"2022081908583489500_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1603\/0046-225X(2008)37[636:WDOFFA]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"World distribution of female flight and genetic variation in Lymantria dispar (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae).","volume":"37","author":"Keena","year":"2008","journal-title":"Environ. Entomol"},{"key":"2022081908583489500_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2621.1979.tb03833.x","article-title":"Quantitative determination of the elemental, ferrous, ferric, soluble, and complexed iron in foods.","volume":"44","author":"Lee","year":"1979","journal-title":"J. Food Sci"},{"key":"2022081908583489500_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1012","DOI":"10.1093\/ee\/nvx111","article-title":"Effects of temperature on development of Lymantria dispar asiatica and Lymantria dispar japonica (Lepidoptera: Erebidae).","volume":"46","author":"Limbu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Entomol"},{"key":"2022081908583489500_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.en.37.010192.001211","article-title":"Iron economy in insects: transport, metabolism, and storage.","volume":"37","author":"Locke","year":"1992","journal-title":"Ann. Rev. Entomol"},{"key":"2022081908583489500_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ento.47.091201.145237","article-title":"Iron metobolism in insects.","volume":"47","author":"Nichol","year":"2002","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Entomol"},{"key":"2022081908583489500_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1093\/aesa\/90.2.149","article-title":"Dietary influence of iron formulation on the development of gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) in laboratory colonies.","volume":"90","author":"Odell","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am"},{"volume-title":"SAS\/STAT user\u2019s guide, version 9.4","year":"2015","author":"SAS Institute.","key":"2022081908583489500_CIT0016"},{"key":"2022081908583489500_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN19740045","article-title":"Iron absorption from rice meals cooked with fortified salt containing ferrous sulphate and ascorbic acid.","volume":"31","author":"Sayers","year":"1974","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutri"},{"key":"2022081908583489500_CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3573","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.01775","article-title":"Energy metabolism in orchid bee flight muscles: carbohydrate fuels all","volume":"208","author":"Suarez","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Exper. Biol"},{"key":"2022081908583489500_CIT0019","first-page":"863","article-title":"Iron homeostasis in insects:insights from Drosophila studies. Int. Union Biochem.","volume":"65","author":"Tang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol. Biol"},{"key":"2022081908583489500_CIT0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1093\/jee\/88.2.337","article-title":"Response of adult lymantriid moths to illumination devices in the Russian Far East.","volume":"88","author":"Wallner","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Econ. Entomol"},{"key":"2022081908583489500_CIT0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1832","DOI":"10.1021\/ac00083a009","article-title":"Measurement of amorphous ferric phosphate as an assessment of iron bioavailability.","volume":"66","author":"Willis","year":"1994","journal-title":"Anal. Chem"},{"key":"2022081908583489500_CIT0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1504","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygeno.2018.10.005","article-title":"Applying microarray-based technique to study and analyze silkworm (Bombyx mori) transcriptomic response to long-term high iron diet.","volume":"111","author":"Zhou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Genomics"}],"container-title":["Environmental Entomology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ee\/article-pdf\/51\/4\/806\/45477940\/nvac043.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ee\/article-pdf\/51\/4\/806\/45477940\/nvac043.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,19]],"date-time":"2022-08-19T09:01:12Z","timestamp":1660899672000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ee\/article\/51\/4\/806\/6633360"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Man-Yeon","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,7]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,7]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,19]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ee\/nvac043","relation":{},"ISSN":["0046-225X","1938-2936"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0046-225X"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1938-2936"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,7]]}}}