{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T18:52:22Z","timestamp":1782499942809,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780012800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":24,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3n Williams-Complementary Funds"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The presence of magnetite in the abdomen of Apis mellifera suggests a role in magnetic signal perception, aiding orientation and navigation. Reproduction occurs in drone congregation areas (DCA), which are spatially and temporally stable, appearing in spring\u2013summer during regionally specific mating flight times (midday to evening), when Earth\u2019s magnetic field intensity (EMFI) often increases. This coincidence points to a possible link between magnetism and DCA location. We evaluated 3 EMFI measurement methods\u20142 mobile apps (Crowdmag, Phyphox) and a low-cost magnetometer\u2014at 3 known DCA in Argentina. At each site, 80 georeferenced sampling points were arranged in a 6\u00a0m grid. EMFI was recorded daily during the morning and evening at 10 and 150\u00a0cm above the ground. Results showed moderate positive correlations between EMFI and geographic coordinates and height. A weak positive correlation was also detected between EMFI and time of the day. All methods detected EMFI variation, but the low-cost magnetometer gave the most consistent readings, supporting its value as an affordable, reliable tool for EMFI assessment in apicultural studies. Present findings provide a baseline for investigating methodologies to assess the potential role of EMFI affecting DCA formation and adult male honey bee orientation during mating flights, with potential applications in improving reproductive management of A. mellifera colonies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/ee\/nvag056","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,9]],"date-time":"2026-05-09T11:41:36Z","timestamp":1778326896000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Three methods for measuring the Earth\u2019s magnetic field intensity in\n                    <i>Apis mellifera<\/i>\n                    (Hymenoptera: Apidae) drone congregation areas"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"55","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6901-2128","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Harold","family":"Pulido-Guar\u00edn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo de investigaci\u00f3n Biodiversidad y Ecolog\u00eda de Abejas Silvestres (BEAS), Facultad de Ciencias B\u00e1sicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Militar Nueva Granada (UMNG) , Cajic\u00e1,","place":["Colombia"]},{"name":"Instituto de Ecolog\u00eda Regional (IER) (Universidad Nacional de Tucum\u00e1n (UNT)\u2014CONICET) , Yerba Buena,","place":["Argentina"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0240-719X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Carolina","family":"Monmany-Garzia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Ecolog\u00eda Regional (IER) (Universidad Nacional de Tucum\u00e1n (UNT)\u2014CONICET) , Yerba Buena,","place":["Argentina"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4228-2996","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alejandra Carla","family":"Scannapieco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Gen\u00e9tica, Instituto Nacional de Tecnolog\u00eda Agropecuaria (INTA)\u2014Grupo vinculado al Instituto de Agrobiotecnolog\u00eda y Biolog\u00eda Molecular (IABIMO-CONICET) , Buenos Aires,","place":["Argentina"]},{"name":"\u00c1rea de Apicultura, Departamento de Producci\u00f3n Animal, Facultad de Agronom\u00eda, Universidad de Buenos Aires , Buenos Aires,","place":["Argentina"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1986-2458","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andr\u00e9s Felipe","family":"Ram\u00edrez-Mej\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Biodiversidade Animal, Departamento de Ecologia, Zoologia e Gen\u00e9tica, Instituto de Biologia, campus Cap\u00e3o do Le\u00e3o, Universidade Federal de Pelotas , Rio Grande do Sul,","place":["Brazil"]},{"name":"Department of Zoology & Physiology, University of Wyoming , Laramie, WY,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-7681-0739","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mart\u00edn","family":"Geria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Biolog\u00eda, Universidad de Puerto Rico , San Juan, Puerto Rico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3896-1934","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alberto","family":"Galindo-Cardona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Ecolog\u00eda Regional (IER) (Universidad Nacional de Tucum\u00e1n (UNT)\u2014CONICET) , Yerba Buena,","place":["Argentina"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026062614434670900_nvag056-B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.3390\/insects12060566","article-title":"Analysis of honeybee drone activity during the mating season in northwestern Argentina","volume":"12","author":"Ayup","year":"2021","journal-title":"Insects"},{"key":"2026062614434670900_nvag056-B2","first-page":"52","article-title":"Las selvas pedemontanas de las Yungas","volume":"14","author":"Brown","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ciencia Hoy"},{"key":"2026062614434670900_nvag056-B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1002\/bem.22285","article-title":"Low strength magnetic fields serve as a cue for foraging honey bees but prior experience is more indicative of choice","volume":"41","author":"Chicas-Mosier","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bioelectromagnetics"},{"key":"2026062614434670900_nvag056-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1029\/JZ067i002p00815","article-title":"Magnetic effects and properties of typical topsoils","volume":"67","author":"Cook","year":"1962","journal-title":"J. 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