{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T19:33:25Z","timestamp":1792611205457,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782172800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":49,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005825","name":"USDA NIFA","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024\u201370006-43565"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024\u201370006-43565"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005825","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005825","name":"USDA NIFA","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023\u201368008-39850"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023\u201368008-39850"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005825","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005825","name":"USDA NIFA","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021\u201370006-35439"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021\u201370006-35439"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005825","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Amauromyza karli Hendel (Diptera: Agromyzidae) has recently emerged as a damaging stem-boring pest of quinoa in Colorado and other quinoa-producing regions of the United States. Severe infestations have been associated with substantial yield losses, highlighting the need for improved understanding of the pest\u2019s seasonal dynamics to support integrated pest management (IPM) strategies. The objective of this study was to characterize the seasonal phenology of A. karli in quinoa production systems in the San Luis Valley of Colorado. Adult flight activity was monitored using yellow sticky traps over 4 growing seasons, and larval incidence and stem exit holes were quantified across 2 years. Our results indicated that larval densities peaked in early June with infestations reaching over 90% by mid-July. An ordinal-day, 2-parameter logistic model based on cumulative trap captures was the most parsimonious model and predicted that 50% of adult activity occurred around late June. In addition, a negative binomial mixed-effects model showed no significant association between quinoa field size and adult captures, suggesting that variation in pest pressure is driven by field-level heterogeneity and temporal factors. These findings provide a framework for improving monitoring and management of A. karli. Aligning the timing of biological or chemical control measures with periods of peak adult activity, as well as adjusting planting dates to reduce exposure of vulnerable crop stages, may help mitigate damage caused by this pest. Overall, this study contributes foundational phenological information that can be used to inform IPM decision-making and reduce economic losses in quinoa production.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/ee\/nvag069","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T12:39:35Z","timestamp":1781613575000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Seasonal phenology of\n                    <i>Amauromyza karli<\/i>\n                    (Diptera: Agromyzidae) in quinoa in San Luis Valley of Colorado"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Neha","family":"Panwar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural Biology, Colorado State University , Fort Collins, CO,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-1468-1310","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lara M","family":"Amiri-Kazaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural Biology, Colorado State University , Fort Collins, CO,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9603-4533","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adrianna","family":"Szczepaniec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural Biology, Colorado State University , Fort Collins, CO,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026062614475189900_nvag069-B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/j.funeco.2013.01.003","article-title":"Endophytic colonization of Vicia faba and Phaseolus vulgaris (Fabaceae) by fungal pathogens and their effects on the life-history parameters of Liriomyza huidobrensis (Diptera: Agromyzidae)","volume":"6","author":"Akutse","year":"2013","journal-title":"Fungal Ecol"},{"key":"2026062614475189900_nvag069-B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s13593-023-00891-y","article-title":"Exploring farmers\u2019 perspectives on agrobiodiversity management: future options for quinoa smallholder organizations in the Peruvian high Andes","volume":"43","author":"Andreotti","year":"2023","journal-title":"Agron. 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