{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T13:36:10Z","timestamp":1785591370498,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,14]],"date-time":"2021-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1634169600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Most cardiogenic shock (CS) studies focus on acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Contemporary data on temporal trends in patient characteristics, presumed causes, treatments, and outcomes of ACS- and in particular non-ACS-related CS patients are sparse.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Using nationwide medical registries, we identified patients with first-time CS between 2005 and 2017. Cochrane\u2013Armitage trend tests were used to examine temporal changes in presumed causes of CS, treatments, and outcomes. Among 14\u200a363 CS patients, characteristics remained largely stable over time. As presumed causes of CS, ACS (37.1% in 2005 to 21.4% in 2017), heart failure (16.3% in 2005 to 12.0% in 2017), and arrhythmias (13.0% in 2005 to 10.9% in 2017) decreased significantly over time; cardiac arrest increased significantly (11.3% in 2005 to 24.5% in 2017); and changes in valvular heart disease were insignificant (11.5% in 2005 and 11.6% in 2017). Temporary left ventricular assist device, non-invasive ventilation, and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation use increased significantly over time; intra-aortic balloon pump and mechanical ventilation use decreased significantly. Over time, 30-day and 1-year mortality were relatively stable. Significant decreases in 30-day and 1-year mortality for patients presenting with ACS and arrhythmias and a significant increase in 1-year mortality in patients presenting with heart failure were seen.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Between 2005 and 2017, we observed significant temporal decreases in ACS, heart failure, and arrhythmias as presumed causes of first-time CS, whereas cardiac arrest significantly increased. Although overall 30-day and 1-year mortality were stable, significant decreases in mortality for ACS and arrhythmias as presumed causes of CS were seen.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjacc\/zuab084","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,20]],"date-time":"2021-09-20T19:21:20Z","timestamp":1632165680000},"page":"1074-1083","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Temporal trends in patient characteristics, presumed causes, and outcomes following cardiogenic shock between 2005 and 2017: a Danish registry-based cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Line Thorgaard","family":"Petersen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Hobrovej 18-22, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Signe","family":"Riddersholm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Skovlyvej 15, 8930 Randers, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dennis Christian","family":"Andersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Hobrovej 18-22, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9372-7484","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christoffer","family":"Polcwiartek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Hobrovej 18-22, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina J.-Y","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev-Gentofte, Gentofte Hospitalsvej 1, 2900 Hellerup Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Nordsjaellands Hospital, Dyrehavevej 29, 3400 Hilleroed, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5117-1051","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marie Dam","family":"Lauridsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emil","family":"Fosb\u00f8l","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian Fynbo","family":"Christiansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Blvd. 99, 8200 Skejby, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manan","family":"Pareek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Heart & Vascular Center, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02115, USA"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Yale New Haven Hospital, Yale University School of Medicine, 20 York St, New Haven 06510, CT, USA"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology and Clinical Epidemiology, North Zealand Hospital, Dyrehavevej 29, 3400 Hilleroed, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7441-0630","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter","family":"S\u00f8gaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Hobrovej 18-22, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Torp-Pedersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Hobrovej 18-22, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Nordsjaellands Hospital, Dyrehavevej 29, 3400 Hilleroed, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Noerregade 10, 1165 Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bodil Steen","family":"Rasmussen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Aalborg University Hospital, Hobrogen 18-22, 9000 Alborg, Denmark"},{"name":"Clinical Institute, Aalborg University, Soendre Skovvej 15, 9000 Alborg, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9629-8670","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kristian Hay","family":"Kragholm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Hobrovej 18-22, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark"},{"name":"Unit of Clinical Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Hobrovej 18-22, 9000 Aalborg, 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and epidemiological research: from health care contacts to database records","volume":"11","author":"Schmidt","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"2021120621325957400_zuab084-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1177\/1403494811399958","article-title":"The Danish register of causes of death","volume":"39","author":"Helweg-Larsen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Scand J Public Health"},{"key":"2021120621325957400_zuab084-B8","first-page":"798","article-title":"Data resource profile: the Danish National Prescription Registry","volume":"46","author":"Potteg\u00e5rd","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2021120621325957400_zuab084-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.2147\/CLEP.S91125","article-title":"The Danish National Patient Registry: a review of content, data quality, and research potential","volume":"7","author":"Schmidt","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin 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