{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T21:44:57Z","timestamp":1777412697916,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,29]],"date-time":"2022-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664409600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001491","name":"Belgian American Educational Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001491","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001382","name":"Werf","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001382","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,27]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Limited information is available about the short- and long-term outcomes in electrical storm (ES)-induced cardiogenic shock (CS) and its predictors.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This is a retrospective, single-centre cohort study of consecutive patients with ES admitted to the Cardiac Intensive Care Unit between 2015 and 2020. The proportion of ES patients who developed CS was adjudicated, and clinical predictors of in-hospital ventricular arrhythmia (VA)-related mortality and 1-year all-cause mortality were investigated. Of the 214 patients with ES, 33.6% developed CS. Left-ventricular ejection fraction, admission lactate, absence of an implantable cardioverter defibrillator, and admission central venous pressure were independently associated with development of CS (P &amp;lt; 0.03 for all). Based on these variables, a FLIC score was developed (https:\/\/riskcalc.org\/FLICscore\/) to predict ES-induced CS [area under the curve (AUC) = 0.949, with AUC = 0.954 in a validation cohort, both P &amp;lt; 0.001]. Patients who developed CS had a 11.3-fold [95% confidence interval (CI) 2.7\u201312.8] increased odds for in-hospital VA-related mortality and 9.4-fold (95% CI 4.0\u201322.4) increased odds for in-hospital all-cause mortality. A FLIC score above 0.62 was associated with a 6.2- and 5.8-fold increased odds for respectively similar endpoints. Patients with ES-induced CS received more treatment modalities to manage the ES (4.5 \u00b1 1.8 vs. 2.3 \u00b1 1.2, P &amp;lt; 0.001) and had longer length of stay [14 (8\u201327) vs. 8 (5\u201313), P &amp;lt; 0.001] than patients without CS. Interestingly, if patients with ES-induced CS survived to discharge, their outcomes were similar to those without CS at 1 year.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Cardiogenic shock in ES is a frequent and potentially life-threatening complication with high short-term mortality. A novel risk score could identify patient at risk, generating a potential for early risk-based interventions.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjacc\/zuac121","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,27]],"date-time":"2022-09-27T21:00:19Z","timestamp":1664312419000},"page":"906-915","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Predictors and outcome of electrical storm\u2013induced cardiogenic shock"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Cameron","family":"Incognito","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic , 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195 , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pieter","family":"Martens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart, Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic , 9500 Euclid Avenue, Desk J3-4, Cleveland, OH 44195 , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey","family":"Hedley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart, Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic , 9500 Euclid Avenue, Desk J3-4, Cleveland, OH 44195 , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joshua D","family":"Parker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart, Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic , 9500 Euclid Avenue, Desk J3-4, Cleveland, OH 44195 , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kristine","family":"Posadas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic , 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195 , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shravani","family":"Gangidi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic , 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195 , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7115-7716","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oussama","family":"Wazni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart, Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic , 9500 Euclid Avenue, Desk J3-4, Cleveland, OH 44195 , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4410-2677","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Venu","family":"Menon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart, Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic , 9500 Euclid Avenue, Desk J3-4, Cleveland, OH 44195 , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Rickard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart, Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic , 9500 Euclid Avenue, Desk J3-4, Cleveland, OH 44195 , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ayman","family":"Hussein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart, Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic , 9500 Euclid Avenue, Desk J3-4, Cleveland, OH 44195 , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8335-735X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wai Hong Wilson","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart, Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic , 9500 Euclid Avenue, Desk J3-4, Cleveland, OH 44195 , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022122716313498300_zuac121-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2853","DOI":"10.19102\/icrm.2017.081002","article-title":"Electrical storm in patients with implantable cardioverter-defibrillators: a practical overview","volume":"8","author":"Muser","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Innov Card Rhythm Manag"},{"key":"2022122716313498300_zuac121-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.4330\/wjc.v7.i9.555","article-title":"Electrical storm: a clinical and electrophysiological overview","volume":"7","author":"Conti","year":"2015","journal-title":"World J Cardiol"},{"key":"2022122716313498300_zuac121-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/eut304","article-title":"Role of electrical storm as a mortality and morbidity risk factor and its clinical predictors: a 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patients with cardiogenic shock due to intractable arrhythmic storm","volume":"45","author":"Le Pennec-Prigent","year":"2017","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2022122716313498300_zuac121-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.114.002155","article-title":"Acute hemodynamic decompensation during catheter ablation of scar-related ventricular tachycardia: incidence, predictors, and impact on mortality","volume":"8","author":"Santangeli","year":"2015","journal-title":"Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol"},{"key":"2022122716313498300_zuac121-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1067\/mhj.2001.111405","article-title":"Recent magnitude of and temporal trends (1994\u20131997) in the incidence and hospital death rates of cardiogenic shock complicating acute myocardial infarction: the second national registry of myocardial infarction","volume":"141","author":"Goldberg","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am Heart 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disease: a prospective propensity score-matched analysis from the Nippon Storm study","volume":"2","author":"Kondo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm O2"},{"key":"2022122716313498300_zuac121-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.119.007669","article-title":"Catheter ablation in patients with cardiogenic shock and refractory ventricular tachycardia","volume":"13","author":"Ballout","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol"}],"container-title":["European Heart Journal. 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