{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T22:55:07Z","timestamp":1788908107629,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,13]],"date-time":"2024-02-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1707782400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014584","name":"University Medical Centre Mainz","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014584","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Catheter-directed treatment (CDT) of acute pulmonary embolism (PE) is entering a growth phase in Europe following a steady increase in the USA in the past decade, but the potential economic impact on European healthcare systems remains unknown.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We built two statistical models for the monthly trend of proportion of CDT among patients with severe (intermediate- or high-risk) PE in the USA. The conservative model was based on admission data from the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) 2016\u201320 and the model reflecting increasing access to advanced treatment from the PERT\u2122 national quality assurance database registry 2018\u201321. By applying these models to the forecast of annual PE-related hospitalizations in Germany, we calculated the annual number of severe PE cases and the expected increase in CDT use for the period 2025\u201330. The NIS-based model yielded a slow increase, reaching 3.1% (95% confidence interval 3.0\u20133.2%) among all hospitalizations with PE in 2030; in the PERT-based model, increase would be steeper, reaching 8.7% (8.3\u20139.2%). Based on current reimbursement rates, we estimated an increase of annual costs for PE-related hospitalizations in Germany ranging from 15.3 to 49.8 million euros by 2030. This calculation does not account for potential cost savings, including those from reduced length of hospital stay.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Our approach and results, which may be adapted to other European healthcare systems, provide a benchmark for healthcare costs expected to result from CDT. Data from ongoing trials on clinical benefits and cost savings are needed to determine cost-effectiveness and inform reimbursement decisions.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjacc\/zuae019","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,13]],"date-time":"2024-02-13T14:41:05Z","timestamp":1707835265000},"page":"501-505","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Modelling costs of interventional pulmonary embolism treatment: implications of US trends for a European healthcare system"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-5718-0549","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katharina","family":"Mohr","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz , Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz , Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg , Freiburg , Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brent","family":"Keeling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Emory University Hospital , Atlanta, GA , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Klaus","family":"Kaier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg , Freiburg , Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5097-9064","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Neusius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wiesbaden Business School, RheinMain University of Applied Sciences , Wiesbaden , Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2392-7365","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rachel P","family":"Rosovsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8108-520X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John M","family":"Moriarty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Interventional Radiology, UCLA Medical Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA , Los Angeles, CA , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5633-6983","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kenneth","family":"Rosenfield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital , Boston, MA , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1991-0587","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christina","family":"Abele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz , Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz , Germany"},{"name":"School of Life Sciences, University of Siegen , Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0586-6386","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ioannis T","family":"Farmakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz , Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz , Germany"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz , Mainz , Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0820-9584","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karsten","family":"Keller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz , Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz , Germany"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz , Mainz , Germany"},{"name":"Medical Clinic VII, Department of Sports Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg , Heidelberg , Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2618-347X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefano","family":"Barco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz , Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz , Germany"},{"name":"Department of Angiology, University Hospital Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9016-4468","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richard N","family":"Channick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, David Geffen School of Medicine , Los Angeles, CA , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8076-0098","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jay S","family":"Giri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert A","family":"Lookstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic, Molecular, and Interventional Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York, NY , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1815-5943","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas M","family":"Todoran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston, SC , USA"},{"name":"Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Charleston, SC , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Konstantinos C","family":"Christodoulou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz , Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz , Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4312-0366","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lukas","family":"Hobohm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz , Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz , Germany"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz , Mainz , Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle","family":"Lanno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The PERT Consortium\u2122 , Nashua, NH , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jamie","family":"Reed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The PERT Consortium\u2122 , Nashua, NH , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harald","family":"Binder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg , Freiburg , Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6359-7279","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stavros V","family":"Konstantinides","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz , Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz , Germany"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Democritus University of Thrace, University General Hospital, Dragana , 68100 Alexandroupolis , Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4466-0724","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luca","family":"Valerio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz , Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz , Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3861-3163","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eric A","family":"Secemsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center , Boston, MA , 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