{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T19:03:19Z","timestamp":1793646199449,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,19]],"date-time":"2025-09-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758240000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006095","name":"South-Eastern Norway Regional Health Authority","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017086"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017086"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006095","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cardiogenic shock (CS) is a life-threatening complication of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). This study aimed to assess real-world incidence, characteristics, and outcomes in relation to age among patients with AMI complicated by CS (AMI-CS) compared with those without CS in a nationwide cohort.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cohort study of all patients &amp;lt;85 years with AMI registered in the Norwegian Myocardial Infarction Registry 2013\u20132022. Outcomes were short- and long-term all-cause mortality. Mortality was assessed by Kaplan-Meier survival curves, Life Tables, and multivariable Cox regression models. Among 86 730 AMI patients (40% women), 1645 (2.7%) patients &amp;lt;75 years and 969 (3.9%) patients 75\u201384 years developed CS. Regardless of age, patients with AMI-CS were more likely to have previous heart failure, diabetes, renal failure, and ST-elevation AMI compared with patients without CS. In-hospital mortality was 47.5% in AMI-CS patients &amp;lt;75 years and 71.4% in patients 75\u201384 years, and the estimated one year cumulative mortality rates were 54.7% (95% CI: 52.3\u201357.1%) and 79.8% (95% CI: 77.2\u201382.3), respectively. Patients with AMI-CS who survived to hospital discharge remained at a higher long-term mortality risk compared with patients without CS (&amp;lt;75 years: adjusted HR 1.91 (95% CI 1.67\u20132.18), 75\u201384 years: adjusted HR 1.65 (95% CI: 1.41\u20131.93)).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The in-hospital mortality rates for AMI-related CS remain high, especially in patients \u226575 years. However, long-term mortality in CS patients surviving to hospital discharge was only moderately higher compared with AMI patients without CS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjacc\/zuaf118","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,11]],"date-time":"2025-09-11T11:56:10Z","timestamp":1757591770000},"page":"107-117","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Cardiogenic shock as a complication of acute myocardial infarction: a nationwide cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0524-9852","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jarle","family":"Jortveit","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, S\u00f8rlandet Hospital , Arendal ,","place":["Norway"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5871-1804","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peder L","family":"Myhre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet , Oslo ,","place":["Norway"]},{"name":"K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo , Oslo ,","place":["Norway"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Geir \u00d8ystein","family":"Andersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Ullevaal , Oslo ,","place":["Norway"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7561-7644","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sigrun","family":"Halvorsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Ullevaal , Oslo ,","place":["Norway"]},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo , Oslo ,","place":["Norway"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026031607522738200_zuaf118-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2022.01.024","article-title":"Sex disparities in management and outcomes of cardiac arrest complicating acute myocardial infarction in the United States","volume":"172","author":"Verghese","year":"2022","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"key":"2026031607522738200_zuaf118-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"EVIDoa2300323","DOI":"10.1056\/EVIDoa2300323","article-title":"Prognostic factors associated with mortality in cardiogenic shock - A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"3","author":"Jung","year":"2024","journal-title":"NEJM Evid"},{"key":"2026031607522738200_zuaf118-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2020.07.044","article-title":"Long-term outcomes of acute myocardial infarction with concomitant cardiogenic shock and cardiac arrest","volume":"133","author":"Vallabhajosyula","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"2026031607522738200_zuaf118-B4","first-page":"828","article-title":"Short- and long-term outcomes of patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiac arrest: a nationwide cohort study 2013-22","volume":"13","author":"Jortveit","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Acute Cardiovasc Care"},{"key":"2026031607522738200_zuaf118-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1840","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.18323","article-title":"Cardiogenic shock after acute myocardial infarction: a review","volume":"326","author":"Samsky","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2026031607522738200_zuaf118-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.2333","article-title":"2021 ESC guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: developed by the Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). 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