{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,9]],"date-time":"2026-08-09T19:41:48Z","timestamp":1786304508464,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,10]],"date-time":"2021-02-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612915200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Percutaneous therapeutic options for an increasing variety of structural heart diseases (SHD) have grown dramatically. Within this context of continuous expansion of devices and procedures, there has been increased demand for physicians with specific knowledge, skills, and advanced training in multimodality cardiac imaging. As a consequence, a new subspecialty of \u2018Interventional Imaging\u2019 for SHD interventions and a new dedicated professional figure, the \u2018Interventional Imager\u2019 with specific competencies has emerged. The interventional imager is an integral part of the heart team and plays a central role in decision-making throughout the patient pathway, including the appropriateness and feasibility of a procedure, pre-procedural planning, intra-procedural guidance, and post-procedural follow-up. However, inherent challenges exist to develop a training programme for SHD imaging that differs from traditional cardiovascular imaging pathways. The purpose of this document is to provide the standard requirements for the training in SHD imaging, as well as a starting point for an official certification process for SHD interventional imager.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jeab005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,2]],"date-time":"2021-02-02T21:43:17Z","timestamp":1612302197000},"page":"471-479","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["The structural heart disease interventional imager rationale, skills and training: a position paper of the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Eustachio","family":"Agricola","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Imaging Unit, San Raffaele Hospital, IRCCS, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University , Milan,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Ancona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Imaging Unit, San Raffaele Hospital , Milan,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Brochet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Department, H\u00f4pital BICHAT Paris ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erwan","family":"Donal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiologie, CHU de RENNES, LTSI UMR1099, INSERM, Universit\u00e9 de Rennes-1 , Rennes,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Dweck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Faletra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Director of cardiac imaging service , . Cardiocentro Ticino","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrizio","family":"Lancellotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, CHU SartTilman, University of Li\u00e8ge Hospital, GIGA Cardiovascular Sciences , Li\u00e8ge,","place":["Belgium"]},{"name":"Gruppo Villa Maria Care and Research, Maria Cecilia Hospital, Cotignola, and Anthea Hospital , Bari,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hani","family":"Mahmoud-Elsayed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Consultant Cardiologist, Director of Echocardiography Lab, Al-Nas Hospital , Cairo,","place":["Egypt"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nina Ajmone","family":"Marsan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center , The","place":["Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pal","family":"Maurovich-Hovart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Imaging Centre, Semmelweis University , Budapest,","place":["Hungary"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Monaghan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Director of Non-Invasive Cardiology, King\u2019s College Hospital , London,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Thorax and Circulation Unit Director, Gaia Hospital Center , Oporto,","place":["Portugal"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leyla Elif","family":"Sade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Baskent, Department of Cardiology , Ankara,","place":["Turkey"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Swaans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, St.Antonius Hospital , Nieuwegein, The","place":["Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ralph Stephan","family":"Von Bardeleben","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dep. of Cardiology I, Heart Valve Center, Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Mainz , Mainz,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nina","family":"Wunderlich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Center Darmstadt , Darmstadt,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jose-Luis","family":"Zamorano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital Ramon y Cajal , Madrid,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bogdan A","family":"Popescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy \u2018Carol Davila\u2019 - Euroecolab, Emergency Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases \u2018Prof. Dr. C. C. Iliescu\u2019 , Bucharest,","place":["Romania"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernard","family":"Cosyns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Department, Centrum voor Hart en Vaatziekten (CHVZ), Universitair ziekenhuis Brussel , Brussels,","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thor","family":"Edvardsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dept of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital , Pb 4950 Nydalen, 0424, Oslo,","place":["Norway"]},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo , Oslo,","place":["Norway"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"Reviewers: This document was reviewed by members of the 2018-2020 EACVI Scientific Documents Committee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philippe","family":"Bertrand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victoria","family":"Delgado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernard","family":"Gerber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivan","family":"Stankovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026080915144608600_jeab005-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2560","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2019.10.008","article-title":"Core competencies in echocardiography for imaging structural heart disease interventions","volume":"12","author":"Hahn","year":"2019","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"2026080915144608600_jeab005-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1432","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jew171","article-title":"Joint EACVI HIT\/EAPCI young survey\/ESC CoT survey: training and education for \u2018multimodality imaging in structural interventions\u2019: the rise of a new sub-specialty?","volume":"17","author":"Grapsa","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"2026080915144608600_jeab005-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2019.09.007","article-title":"Steve jobs and the value of interventional imagers","volume":"32","author":"Swaminathan","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Am Soc Echocardiogr"},{"key":"2026080915144608600_jeab005-B4","first-page":"440","article-title":"Imaging in structural heart disease. The evolution of a new subspecialty","volume":"1","author":"Faza","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol Case Rep"},{"key":"2026080915144608600_jeab005-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1928","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2018.07.010","article-title":"Navigating a career in structural heart disease interventional imaging","volume":"11","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"2026080915144608600_jeab005-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcin.2017.01.016","article-title":"High radiation exposure of the imaging specialist during structural heart interventions with echocardiographic guidance","volume":"10","author":"Salaun","year":"2017","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Interv"},{"key":"2026080915144608600_jeab005-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1246","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2018.01.024","article-title":"Radiation exposure of operators performing transesophageal echocardiography during percutaneous structural cardiac interventions","volume":"71","author":"Crowhurst","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026080915144608600_jeab005-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2829","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2018.02.018","article-title":"2018 ACC\/HRS\/NASCI\/SCAI\/SCCT expert consensus document on optimal use of ionizing radiation in cardiovascular imaging: best practices for safety and effectiveness: a report of the American College of Cardiology Task Force on Expert Consensus Decision Pathways","volume":"71","author":"Hirshfeld","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026080915144608600_jeab005-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e005686","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCINTERVENTIONS.117.005686","article-title":"Building blocks of structural intervention: a novel modular paradigm for procedural training","volume":"10","author":"Raphael","year":"2017","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Interv"},{"key":"2026080915144608600_jeab005-B10","first-page":"645","article-title":"Structural heart interventional imagers\u2014the new face of cardiac imaging","volume":"111","author":"Cavalcante","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arq Bras Cardiol"},{"key":"2026080915144608600_jeab005-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2010.11.002","article-title":"Inverse geometry x-ray imaging: application in interventional procedures","volume":"8","author":"Speidel","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Am Coll Radiol"},{"key":"2026080915144608600_jeab005-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2014.02.003","article-title":"Artifacts in three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography","volume":"27","author":"Faletra","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Am Soc Echocardiogr"},{"key":"2026080915144608600_jeab005-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcin.2018.06.056","article-title":"Intracardiac echocardiography in structural heart disease interventions","volume":"11","author":"Alkhouli","year":"2018","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Interv"},{"key":"2026080915144608600_jeab005-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/eht411","article-title":"Why is intracardiac echocardiography helpful? Benefits, costs, and how to learn","volume":"35","author":"Bartel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2026080915144608600_jeab005-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1111\/joic.12382","article-title":"Intracardiac versus transesophageal echocardiography to guide transcatheter closure of interatrial communications: nationwide trend and comparative analysis","volume":"30","author":"Alqahtani","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Interven Cardiol"},{"key":"2026080915144608600_jeab005-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.029072","article-title":"Training in structural heart disease: call to action","volume":"138","author":"Kavinsky","year":"2018","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026080915144608600_jeab005-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E2","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/suq012","article-title":"Defining structural heart disease in the adult patient: current scope, inherent challenges and future directions","volume":"12","author":"Steinberg","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Suppl"},{"key":"2026080915144608600_jeab005-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3605","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehaa641","article-title":"ESC core curriculum for the cardiologist","volume":"41","author":"Tanner","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2026080915144608600_jeab005-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1305","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jeaa266","article-title":"Training, competence, and quality improvement in echocardiography: the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging recommendations","volume":"21","author":"Popescu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Hear J - Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"2026080915144608600_jeab005-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jex310","article-title":"Training in cardiac computed tomography: EACVI certification process","volume":"19","author":"Pontone","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur Hear J - Cardiovasc Imaging"}],"container-title":["European Heart Journal - Cardiovascular Imaging"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ehjcimaging\/article-pdf\/22\/5\/471\/60911603\/jeab005.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ehjcimaging\/article-pdf\/22\/5\/471\/60911603\/jeab005.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,9]],"date-time":"2026-08-09T19:14:58Z","timestamp":1786302898000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ehjcimaging\/article\/22\/5\/471\/6132065"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,10]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,10]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,28]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ehjci\/jeab005","relation":{},"ISSN":["2047-2404","2047-2412"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2047-2404","type":"print"},{"value":"2047-2412","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,10]]}}}