{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T21:15:30Z","timestamp":1791062130354,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,6]],"date-time":"2021-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614988800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"name":"United States National Institutes of Health"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 HL126552"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 HL126552"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01-HL146201"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01-HL146201"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01-HL146193"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01-HL146193"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01-HL146240"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01-HL146240"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01-HL146205"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01-HL146205"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01-DA036297"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01-DA036297"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The extent to which human immunodeficiency viral (HIV) infection is independently associated with myocardial disease in the era of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) remains understudied. We assessed differences in cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) metrics among people living with HIV (PLWH) and without HIV (PWOH).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Among 436 participants (aged 54.7\u2009\u00b1\u20096.0\u2009years, 29% women) from three cohorts, we acquired CMR cines, late gadolinium enhancement (LGE), and T1 mapping. Multivariable linear regressions were used to evaluate associations between HIV serostatus and CMR metrics. Baseline characteristics were similar by HIV serostatus; 63% were PLWH of whom 88% received cART and 73% were virally suppressed. Median left ventricular ejection fraction was normal and similar by HIV serostatus (73%, PWOH vs. 72%, PLWH, P\u2009=\u20090.43) as were right ventricular function, biventricular volumes, and masses. LGE prevalence was similar (32%, PWOH vs. 36%, PLWH, P\u2009=\u20090.46) with low scar extents (4.1, PWOH vs. 4.9 g, PLWH, P\u2009=\u20090.51) and few ischaemic scars (3%, PWOH vs. 4%, PLWH, P\u2009=\u20090.70). Extracellular volume fraction (ECV) was higher among PLWH (29.2\u2009\u00b1\u20094.1% vs. 28.3\u2009\u00b1\u20093.7%, P\u2009=\u20090.04) as was indexed maximum left atrial (LA) volume (LAVI, 29.7\u2009\u00b1\u200910.3 vs. 27.8\u2009\u00b1\u20098.7\u2009mL\/m2, P\u2009=\u20090.05). After multivariate adjustment, ECV was 0.84% higher among PLWH (P\u2009=\u20090.05) and LAVI was 2.45\u2009mL\/m2 larger (P\u2009=\u20090.01). HIV seropositivity and higher ECV contributed to higher LAVI (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.02). There were no associations between HIV disease severity and CMR metrics among PLWH.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>HIV seropositivity was independently associated with greater diffuse non-ischaemic fibrosis and larger LA volume but no other differences in CMR metrics.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jeab037","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,18]],"date-time":"2021-02-18T20:27:30Z","timestamp":1613680050000},"page":"888-895","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Human immunodeficiency viral infection and differences in interstitial ventricular fibrosis and left atrial size"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4958-5145","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katherine C","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Blalock 559, 600 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9467-3454","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sabina A","family":"Haberlen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4554-7483","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael W","family":"Plankey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2277-6841","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Frank J","family":"Palella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2393-1193","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Damani A","family":"Piggott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA"},{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregory D","family":"Kirk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA"},{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4210-9093","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joseph B","family":"Margolick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8655-5204","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wendy S","family":"Post","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Blalock 559, 600 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021072018493376400_jeab037-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2015.10.030","article-title":"Patterns of cardiovascular mortality for HIV-infected adults in the United States: 1999 to 2013","volume":"117","author":"Feinstein","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"2021072018493376400_jeab037-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchf.2019.04.025","article-title":"The risk for sudden cardiac death among patients living with heart failure and human immunodeficiency virus","volume":"7","author":"Alvi","year":"2019","journal-title":"JACC Heart Fail"},{"key":"2021072018493376400_jeab037-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e012241.","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.119.012241","article-title":"HIV infection and incidence of cardiovascular diseases: an analysis of a large healthcare database","volume":"8","author":"Alonso","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"2021072018493376400_jeab037-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1007\/s11904-018-0400-5","article-title":"Cardiovascular disease: update on clinical events, special populations, and novel biomarkers","volume":"15","author":"So-Armah","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr HIV\/AIDS Rep"},{"key":"2021072018493376400_jeab037-B5","first-page":"75","article-title":"The ALIVE study, a longitudinal study of HIV-1 infection in intravenous drug users: description of methods and characteristics of participants","volume":"109","author":"Vlahov","year":"1991","journal-title":"NIDA Res Monogr"},{"key":"2021072018493376400_jeab037-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1097\/00001648-199803000-00004","article-title":"The women's interagency HIV study. WIHS Collaborative Study Group","volume":"9","author":"Barkan","year":"1998","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"2021072018493376400_jeab037-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/126.2.310","article-title":"The Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study: rationale, organization, and selected characteristics of the participants","volume":"126","author":"Kaslow","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2021072018493376400_jeab037-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2342-10-1","article-title":"Design and validation of segment\u2013freely available software for cardiovascular image analysis","volume":"10","author":"Heiberg","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Med Imaging"},{"key":"2021072018493376400_jeab037-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2006","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.653568","article-title":"Infarct tissue heterogeneity by magnetic resonance imaging identifies enhanced cardiac arrhythmia susceptibility in patients with left ventricular dysfunction","volume":"115","author":"Schmidt","year":"2007","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2021072018493376400_jeab037-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehy713","article-title":"Prevalence and prognosis of ischaemic and non-ischaemic myocardial fibrosis in older adults","volume":"40","author":"Shanbhag","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2021072018493376400_jeab037-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1111\/jce.13234","article-title":"Impaired left atrial function predicts inappropriate shocks in primary prevention implantable cardioverter-defibrillator candidates","volume":"28","author":"Tao","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol"},{"key":"2021072018493376400_jeab037-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92.","DOI":"10.1186\/1532-429X-15-92","article-title":"Myocardial T1 mapping and extracellular volume quantification: a Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (SCMR) and CMR Working Group of the European Society of Cardiology consensus statement","volume":"15","author":"Moon","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Magn Reson"},{"key":"2021072018493376400_jeab037-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12968-015-0111-7","article-title":"Normal values for cardiovascular magnetic resonance in adults and children","volume":"17","author":"Kawel-Boehm","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Magn Reson"},{"key":"2021072018493376400_jeab037-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1280","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2013.05.078","article-title":"Evaluation of age-related interstitial myocardial fibrosis with cardiac magnetic resonance contrast-enhanced T1 mapping: MESA (Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis)","volume":"62","author":"Liu","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2021072018493376400_jeab037-B15","first-page":"446","article-title":"Normal left atrial strain and strain rate using cardiac magnetic resonance feature tracking in healthy volunteers","volume":"21","author":"Truong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"2021072018493376400_jeab037-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"814","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.001719","article-title":"Comprehensive cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy reveal a high burden of myocardial disease in HIV patients","volume":"128","author":"Holloway","year":"2013","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2021072018493376400_jeab037-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e004430","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCIMAGING.115.004430","article-title":"HIV-1-related cardiovascular disease is associated with chronic inflammation, frequent pericardial effusions, and probable myocardial edema","volume":"9","author":"Ntusi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"2021072018493376400_jeab037-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1544","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiv274","article-title":"Abnormal myocardial function is related to myocardial steatosis and diffuse myocardial fibrosis in HIV-infected adults","volume":"212","author":"Thiara","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2021072018493376400_jeab037-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e004091.","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCIMAGING.115.004091","article-title":"Cardiac magnetic resonance reveals signs of subclinical myocardial inflammation in asymptomatic HIV-infected patients","volume":"9","author":"Luetkens","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"2021072018493376400_jeab037-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2019.03.017","article-title":"Extracellular volume associates with outcomes more strongly than native or post-contrast myocardial T1","volume":"13","author":"Treibel","year":"2020","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"2021072018493376400_jeab037-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e009535.","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCIMAGING.119.009535","article-title":"Myocardial extracellular volume fraction adds prognostic information beyond myocardial replacement fibrosis","volume":"12","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"2021072018493376400_jeab037-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jey140","article-title":"Association of myocardial fibrosis and cardiovascular events: the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis","volume":"20","author":"Ambale-Venkatesh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"2021072018493376400_jeab037-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jey034","article-title":"Myocardial native T1 and extracellular volume with healthy ageing and gender","volume":"19","author":"Rosmini","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"2021072018493376400_jeab037-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1268","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehr481","article-title":"Extracellular volume imaging by magnetic resonance imaging provides insights into overt and sub-clinical myocardial pathology","volume":"33","author":"Ugander","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2021072018493376400_jeab037-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.14131971","article-title":"Multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis: association between left atrial function using tissue tracking from cine MR imaging and myocardial fibrosis","volume":"273","author":"Imai","year":"2014","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"2021072018493376400_jeab037-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCIMAGING.115.004299","article-title":"Cardiac magnetic resonance-measured left atrial volume and function and incident atrial fibrillation: results from MESA (Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis)","volume":"9","author":"Habibi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"2021072018493376400_jeab037-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1007\/s10554-018-1427-9","article-title":"Reference values of left atrial size and function according to age: should we redefine the normal upper limits?","volume":"35","author":"D\u2019Ascenzi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"2021072018493376400_jeab037-B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e007512","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCIMAGING.117.007512","article-title":"Left atrial phasic function by cardiac magnetic resonance feature tracking is a strong predictor of incident cardiovascular events","volume":"11","author":"Chirinos","year":"2018","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Imaging"}],"container-title":["European Heart Journal - Cardiovascular Imaging"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ehjcimaging\/article-pdf\/22\/8\/888\/39199537\/jeab037.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ehjcimaging\/article-pdf\/22\/8\/888\/39199537\/jeab037.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,20]],"date-time":"2021-07-20T19:27:48Z","timestamp":1626809268000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ehjcimaging\/article\/22\/8\/888\/6161227"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,6]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,6]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,20]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ehjci\/jeab037","relation":{},"ISSN":["2047-2404","2047-2412"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2047-2404","type":"print"},{"value":"2047-2412","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,6]]}}}