{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T16:44:54Z","timestamp":1770741894200,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,19]],"date-time":"2021-07-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1626652800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Mitral valve prolapse (MVP) causes left ventricular (LV) remodelling even in the absence of significant mitral regurgitation. To evaluate whether apical insertion of the papillary muscle (PM) influences the pattern and severity of MVP-related LV remodelling.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>All MVP patients who underwent CMR at our institution between December 2008 and December 2019 were included, thoroughly reviewed and grouped according to apical\/non-apical PM insertion. Apical PM insertion was found in 53\/92 patients (58%) and associated with mitral leaflet thickening (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.01) and a trend towards higher prevalence of mitral annular disjunction (P\u2009=\u20090.05). Whereas no differences in ventricular volumes or ejection fraction were found, patients with apical PM insertion showed more lateral wall remodelling with mid lateral wall thinning [2.1 (1.8\u20132.5) vs. 4.0 (3.5\u20135.0) mm, P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.01], increased LV eccentricity and a lower GCS at this level (15\u2009\u00b1\u20093% vs. 20\u2009\u00b1\u20093%, P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.01). In long-axis direction, increased end-diastolic mid lateral wall angulation was found (i.e. angle &amp;lt;155\u00b0 measured in the thinnest point of the mid lateral wall in four-chamber view) with a higher angle variation during systole (25\u2009\u00b1\u200911\u00b0 vs. 17\u2009\u00b1\u20098\u00b0, P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.01). Remarkably, PM fibrosis was significantly more frequent in patients with apical PM insertion (i.e. 66% vs. 28%, P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.01). Finally, a higher burden of premature ventricular complexes (&amp;gt;5%) and non-sustained ventricular tachyarrhythmias was found in patients with apical PM insertion: 53% vs. 25% (P\u2009=\u20090.04) and 38% vs. 18% (P\u2009=\u20090.04), respectively.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Apical PM insertion is part of the phenotypic spectrum of MVP, impacts significantly LV remodelling, and potentially may be related to increased ventricular arrhythmogenicity.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jeab134","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,22]],"date-time":"2021-06-22T11:08:40Z","timestamp":1624360120000},"page":"1119-1128","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Left ventricular remodelling in mitral valve prolapse patients: implications of apical papillary muscle insertion"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2909-9166","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"Moura-Ferreira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bert","family":"Vandenberk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pier Giorgio","family":"Masci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King\u2019s College London, St Thomas Hospital, London, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tom","family":"Dresselaers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christophe","family":"Garweg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rolf","family":"Symons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, 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