{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T21:21:12Z","timestamp":1790716872860,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,29]],"date-time":"2021-11-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638144000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Department of Medical Research B\u00e6rum Hospital"},{"name":"Norwegian Institute of Public Health"},{"name":"Raagholt foundation and the Dam foundation through"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,18]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>To assess left atrial (LA) function in sinus rhythm in veteran athletes with a history of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF) exposed to prolonged endurance exercise compared with veteran athletes without AF and controls with and without paroxysmal AF from a non-athletic population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Three hundred and two male participants from four groups, veteran recreational skiers with paroxysmal AF (n\u2009=\u200962), veteran skiers without AF (n\u2009=\u200989), and controls from a non-athletic population with (n\u2009=\u200962) and without paroxysmal AF (n\u2009=\u200989) underwent an echocardiographic examination in sinus rhythm to evaluate LA anatomy and function. The skiers (mean age 70.8\u00b16.7\u2009years) reported an average exposure to regular endurance exercise for 40\u201350\u2009years. LA maximum and minimum volumes were larger in skiers (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.001). LA volumes differed within the athletic and non-athletic groups with larger volumes in the AF groups ( P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.001). We observed a considerable overlap in LA volumes among non-athletes with AF and athletes without AF. LA reservoir strain (33.6% \u00b1 4.8% vs. 28.3% \u00b1\u00a06.7% P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.001) and contractile strain (18.3% \u00b1 4.0% vs. 15.0% \u00b1\u00a05.2% P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.001) were lower in both AF groups regardless of athletic status. LA reservoir strain was superior to volumetric measurements at identifying participants with AF (area under the curve 0.740 \u00b10.041).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Male veteran athletes had significantly larger LA volumes than non-athletes. In contrast, LA strain values were similar in athletes and non-athletes with paroxysmal AF, and significantly lower than in subjects without AF.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jeab248","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,11]],"date-time":"2021-11-11T20:13:08Z","timestamp":1636661588000},"page":"137-146","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Left atrial function in male veteran endurance athletes with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4801-6146","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eivind","family":"S\u00f8rensen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, N-0370 Oslo, Norway"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, N-0316 Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9682-5255","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marius","family":"Myrstad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, B\u00e6rum Hospital, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, N-1346 Gjettum, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Medical Research, B\u00e6rum Hospital, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, N-1346 Gjettum, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magnar Gang\u00e5s","family":"Solberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, N-0316 Oslo, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, B\u00e6rum Hospital, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, N-1346 Gjettum, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Medical Research, B\u00e6rum Hospital, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, N-1346 Gjettum, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1562-2924","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erik","family":"\u00d8ie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, N-0370 Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7223-5138","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arnljot","family":"Tveit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, B\u00e6rum Hospital, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, N-1346 Gjettum, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Medical Research, B\u00e6rum Hospital, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, N-1346 Gjettum, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marit","family":"Aar\u00f8n\u00e6s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, N-0370 Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021122007514787400_jeab248-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"946","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.98.10.946","article-title":"Impact of atrial fibrillation on the risk of death: the Framingham Heart Study","volume":"98","author":"Benjamin","year":"1998","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2021122007514787400_jeab248-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.005119","article-title":"Worldwide epidemiology of atrial fibrillation: a Global Burden of Disease 2010 Study","volume":"129","author":"Chugh","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2021122007514787400_jeab248-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1177\/2047487318754930","article-title":"The ambiguity of physical activity, exercise and atrial fibrillation","volume":"25","author":"Morseth","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur J Prev Cardiol"},{"key":"2021122007514787400_jeab248-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e238-44","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.12150","article-title":"Increased risk of atrial fibrillation among elderly Norwegian men with a history of long-term endurance sport practice","volume":"24","author":"Myrstad","year":"2014","journal-title":"Scand J Med Sci Sports"},{"key":"2021122007514787400_jeab248-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1827","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.014833","article-title":"Cardiorespiratory fitness and risk of incident atrial fibrillation: results from the Henry Ford Exercise Testing (FIT) Project","volume":"131","author":"Qureshi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2021122007514787400_jeab248-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1097\/JSA.0000000000000198","article-title":"Participation trends of ultra endurance events","volume":"27","author":"Scheer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sports Med Arthrosc Rev"},{"key":"2021122007514787400_jeab248-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.22967","article-title":"Atrial remodeling and ectopic burden in recreational athletes: implications for risk of atrial fibrillation","volume":"41","author":"Elliott","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Cardiol"},{"key":"2021122007514787400_jeab248-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCIMAGING.112.980037","article-title":"Cardiac MRI: a new gold standard for ventricular volume quantification during high-intensity exercise","volume":"6","author":"La Gerche","year":"2013","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"2021122007514787400_jeab248-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/0034-5687(90)90078-D","article-title":"Operation Everest II: cardiac filling pressures during cycle exercise at sea level","volume":"80","author":"Reeves","year":"1990","journal-title":"Respir Physiol"},{"key":"2021122007514787400_jeab248-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2011-301329","article-title":"The athlete's heart","volume":"98","author":"Prior","year":"2012","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"2021122007514787400_jeab248-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01170.2007","article-title":"Training-specific changes in cardiac structure and function: a prospective and longitudinal assessment of competitive athletes","volume":"104","author":"Baggish","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol (1985)"},{"key":"2021122007514787400_jeab248-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jew028","article-title":"Left atrial remodelling assessed by 2D and 3D echocardiography identifies paroxysmal atrial fibrillation","volume":"18","author":"Schaaf","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"2021122007514787400_jeab248-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.15420\/aer.2020.13","article-title":"Atrial myopathy underlying atrial fibrillation","volume":"9","author":"Rivner","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arrhythm Electrophysiol Rev"},{"key":"2021122007514787400_jeab248-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1374","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jeaa183","article-title":"Differing mechanisms of atrial fibrillation in athletes and non-athletes: alterations in atrial structure and function","volume":"21","author":"Trivedi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"2021122007514787400_jeab248-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jex225","article-title":"Atrial function is altered in lone paroxysmal atrial fibrillation in male endurance veteran athletes","volume":"19","author":"Hubert","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"2021122007514787400_jeab248-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2014.07.047","article-title":"Effect of years of endurance exercise on risk of atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter","volume":"114","author":"Myrstad","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"2021122007514787400_jeab248-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehaa612","article-title":"2020 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of atrial fibrillation developed in collaboration with the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS): the Task Force for the diagnosis and management of atrial fibrillation of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Developed with the special contribution of the European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) of the ESC","volume":"42","author":"Hindricks","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2021122007514787400_jeab248-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jev014","article-title":"Recommendations for cardiac chamber quantification by echocardiography in adults: an update from the American Society of Echocardiography and the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging","volume":"16","author":"Lang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"2021122007514787400_jeab248-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1321","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jew082","article-title":"Recommendations for the evaluation of left ventricular diastolic function by echocardiography: an update from the American Society of Echocardiography and the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging","volume":"17","author":"Nagueh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"2021122007514787400_jeab248-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8167.2011.02049.x","article-title":"Left atrial stiffness relates to left ventricular diastolic dysfunction and recurrence after pulmonary vein isolation for atrial fibrillation","volume":"22","author":"Machino-Ohtsuka","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol"},{"key":"2021122007514787400_jeab248-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2014.11.003","article-title":"Definitions for a common standard for 2D speckle tracking echocardiography: consensus document of the EACVI\/ASE\/Industry Task Force to standardize deformation imaging","volume":"28","author":"Voigt","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Am Soc Echocardiogr"},{"key":"2021122007514787400_jeab248-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jey042","article-title":"Standardization of left atrial, right ventricular, and right atrial deformation imaging using two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography: a consensus document of the EACVI\/ASE\/Industry Task Force to standardize deformation imaging","volume":"19","author":"Badano","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"2021122007514787400_jeab248-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e014682","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.119.014682","article-title":"Left atrial volume, cardiorespiratory fitness, and diastolic function in healthy individuals: the HUNT Study","volume":"9","author":"Letnes","year":"2020","journal-title":"Norway. J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"2021122007514787400_jeab248-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1302","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2015-307438","article-title":"Association between diastolic dysfunction and future atrial fibrillation in the Troms\u00f8 Study from 1994 to 2010","volume":"101","author":"Tiwari","year":"2015","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"2021122007514787400_jeab248-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.23180","article-title":"Left atrial function in elite athletes: a meta-analysis of two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiographic studies","volume":"42","author":"Cuspidi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Cardiol"},{"key":"2021122007514787400_jeab248-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6366","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-24875-1","article-title":"Association between atrial fibrillation, atrial enlargement, and left ventricular geometric remodeling","volume":"8","author":"Seko","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2021122007514787400_jeab248-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000048893.62841.F7","article-title":"Arterial and cardiac aging: major shareholders in cardiovascular disease enterprises: Part II: The aging heart in health: links to heart disease","volume":"107","author":"Lakatta","year":"2003","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2021122007514787400_jeab248-B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-018-1004-3","article-title":"Aerobic training protects cardiac function during advancing age: a meta-analysis of four decades of controlled studies","volume":"49","author":"Beaumont","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"2021122007514787400_jeab248-B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-201X.2004.01284.x","article-title":"Long-term endurance training does not prevent the age-related decrease in left ventricular relaxation properties","volume":"181","author":"Nottin","year":"2004","journal-title":"Acta Physiol Scand"},{"key":"2021122007514787400_jeab248-B30","first-page":"1031","article-title":"Echocardiographic reference ranges for normal cardiac Doppler data: results from the NORRE Study","volume":"16","author":"Caballero","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"2021122007514787400_jeab248-B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1513","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2011-300134","article-title":"Atrial strain rate is a sensitive measure of alterations in atrial phasic function in healthy ageing","volume":"97","author":"Boyd","year":"2011","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"2021122007514787400_jeab248-B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1111\/echo.14997","article-title":"Changes in left atrial phasic strain and mechanical dispersion: effects of age and gender","volume":"38","author":"Stefani","year":"2021","journal-title":"Echocardiography"},{"key":"2021122007514787400_jeab248-B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jey018","article-title":"Echocardiographic reference ranges for normal left atrial function parameters: results from the EACVI NORRE study","volume":"19","author":"Sugimoto","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging"}],"container-title":["European Heart Journal - Cardiovascular Imaging"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ehjcimaging\/article-pdf\/23\/1\/137\/41820030\/jeab248.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ehjcimaging\/article-pdf\/23\/1\/137\/41820030\/jeab248.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,15]],"date-time":"2023-01-15T00:38:54Z","timestamp":1673743134000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ehjcimaging\/article\/23\/1\/137\/6445256"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,29]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,29]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,18]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ehjci\/jeab248","relation":{},"ISSN":["2047-2404","2047-2412"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2047-2404","type":"print"},{"value":"2047-2412","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,29]]}}}