{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T00:42:18Z","timestamp":1793752938397,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,3]],"date-time":"2022-01-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1641168000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"name":"Clinician Scientist Track","award":["No 2019-15 to SA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No 2019-15 to SA"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,19]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of transoesophageal echocardiography (TOE)-related adverse events (AEs) during structural heart disease (SHD) interventions and to identify potential risk factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We retrospectively analysed 898 consecutive patients undergoing TOE-guided SHD interventions under procedural sedation. TOE-related AEs were classified as bleeding complications, mechanical lesions, conversion to general anaesthesia with intubation, and the occurrence of pneumonia. A follow-up was conducted up to 3 months after the intervention. TOE-related AEs were observed in 5.3% of the patients (n = 48). The highest rate of AEs was observed in the percutaneous mitral valve repair (PMVR) group with 8.2% (n = 32), whereas 4.8% (n = 11) of the patients in the left atrial appendage group and 1.8% (n = 5) in the patent foramen ovale\/atrial septal defect group developed a TOE-related AE (P = 0.001). The most frequent AE was pneumonia with an incidence of 2.6% (n = 26) in the total cohort. Bleeding events occurred in 1.8% (n = 16) of the patients, mostly in the PMVR group with 2.1% (n = 8). In the multivariate regression analysis, we found a lower haemoglobin {odds ratio (OR) [95% confidence interval (CI)]: 8.82 (0.68\u20130.98) P = 0.025} and an obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) [OR (95% CI): 2.51 (1.08\u20135.84) P = 0.033] to be associated with AE. Furthermore, AEs were related to procedural time [OR (95% CI): 1.01 (1.0\u20131.01) P = 0.056] and oral anticoagulation [OR (95% CI): 1.97 (0.9\u20134.3) P = 0.076] with borderline significance in the multivariate regression analysis. No persistent damages were observed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>TOE-related AEs during SHD interventions are clinically relevant. It was highest in patients undergoing PMVR. A lower baseline haemoglobin level and an OSAS were found to be associated with the occurrence of a TOE-related AE.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jeab280","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,14]],"date-time":"2021-12-14T07:08:54Z","timestamp":1639465734000},"page":"68-77","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Safety of transoesophageal echocardiography during structural heart disease interventions under procedural sedation: a single-centre study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Shazia","family":"Afzal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Heinrich Heine University D\u00fcsseldorf, Medical Faculty , Moorenstra\u00dfe 5, 40225 D\u00fcsseldorf , Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4517-0068","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tobias","family":"Zeus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Heinrich Heine University D\u00fcsseldorf, Medical Faculty , Moorenstra\u00dfe 5, 40225 D\u00fcsseldorf , Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timo","family":"Hofs\u00e4hs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Heinrich Heine University D\u00fcsseldorf, Medical Faculty , Moorenstra\u00dfe 5, 40225 D\u00fcsseldorf , Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matti","family":"Kuballa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Heinrich Heine University D\u00fcsseldorf, Medical Faculty , Moorenstra\u00dfe 5, 40225 D\u00fcsseldorf , Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Verena","family":"Veulemans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Heinrich Heine University D\u00fcsseldorf, Medical Faculty , Moorenstra\u00dfe 5, 40225 D\u00fcsseldorf , Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kerstin","family":"Piayda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Heinrich Heine University D\u00fcsseldorf, Medical Faculty , Moorenstra\u00dfe 5, 40225 D\u00fcsseldorf , Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Houtan","family":"Heidari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Heinrich Heine University D\u00fcsseldorf, Medical Faculty , Moorenstra\u00dfe 5, 40225 D\u00fcsseldorf , Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amin","family":"Polzin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Heinrich Heine University D\u00fcsseldorf, Medical Faculty , Moorenstra\u00dfe 5, 40225 D\u00fcsseldorf , Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Horn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Heinrich Heine University D\u00fcsseldorf, Medical Faculty , Moorenstra\u00dfe 5, 40225 D\u00fcsseldorf , Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ralf","family":"Westenfeld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Heinrich Heine University D\u00fcsseldorf, Medical Faculty , Moorenstra\u00dfe 5, 40225 D\u00fcsseldorf , Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0060-1052","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Malte","family":"Kelm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Heinrich Heine University D\u00fcsseldorf, Medical Faculty , Moorenstra\u00dfe 5, 40225 D\u00fcsseldorf , Germany"},{"name":"CARID (Cardiovascular Research Institute D\u00fcsseldorf), Heinrich Heine University D\u00fcsseldorf , 40225 D\u00fcsseldorf , Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1287-4605","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katharina","family":"Hellhammer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Heinrich Heine University D\u00fcsseldorf, Medical Faculty , Moorenstra\u00dfe 5, 40225 D\u00fcsseldorf , 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