{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T22:19:15Z","timestamp":1792793955812,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,2]],"date-time":"2022-04-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648857600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"name":"American Society of Nuclear Cardiology (ASNC) Institute for the Advancement of Nuclear Cardiology"},{"name":"Department of Radiology at the University of Pennsylvania","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00b30xv10","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Public Health Services Research Grant","award":["P30 DK19525"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30 DK19525"]}]},{"name":"University of Pennsylvania Diabetes Research Center Radioimmunoassay and Biomarkers Core","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00b30xv10","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"National Center for Research Resources and the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health","award":["2UL1TR001878-06"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2UL1TR001878-06"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04pw6fb54","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01-HL 121510, U01-TR003734, R33-HL-146390, R01-HL153646, K24-AG070459, R01-AG058969, R03-HL146874, R56-HL136730, R01-HL-15599, and R01-HL-157264"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01-HL 121510, U01-TR003734, R33-HL-146390, R01-HL153646, K24-AG070459, R01-AG058969, R03-HL146874, R56-HL136730, R01-HL-15599, and R01-HL-157264"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01HL151345"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01HL151345"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The ketogenic diet (KD) is standard-of-care to achieve myocardial glucose suppression (MGS) for assessing inflammation using fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose\u2013positron emission tomography (FDG-PET). As KD protocols remain highly variable between centres (including estimation of nutrient intake by dietary logs for adequacy of dietary preparation), we aimed to assess the predictive utility of nutrient intake in achieving MGS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Nineteen healthy participants underwent short-term KD, with FDG-PET performed after 1 and 3 days of KD (goal carbohydrate intake &amp;lt;20 g\/day). Nutrient consumption was estimated from dietary logs using nutrition research software. The area under receiver operating characteristics (AUROC) of macronutrients (carbohydrate, fat, and protein intake) for predicting MGS was analysed. The association between 133 nutrients and 4 biomarkers [beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), non-esterified fatty acids, insulin, and glucagon] with myocardial glucose uptake was assessed using mixed effects regression with false discovery rate (FDR) correction. Median (25th\u201375th percentile) age was 29 (25\u201334) years, 47% were women, and 42% were non-white. Median (25th\u201375th percentile) carbohydrate intake (g) was 18.7 (13.1-30.7), 16.9 (10.4-28.7), and 21.1 (16.6-29.0) on Days 1\u20133. No macronutrient intake (carbohydrate, fat, or protein) predicted MGS (c-statistic 0.45, 0.53, 0.47, respectively). Of 133 nutrients and 4 biomarkers, only BHB was associated with myocardial glucose uptake after FDR correction (corrected P-value 0.003).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>During highly supervised, short-term KD, approximately half of patients meet strict carbohydrate goals. Yet, in healthy volunteers, dietary review does not provide reassurance for adequacy of myocardial preparation since no clear thresholds for carbohydrate or fat intake reliably predict MGS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jeac031","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,2]],"date-time":"2022-02-02T15:13:31Z","timestamp":1643814811000},"page":"1690-1697","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Comprehensive nutrient consumption estimation and metabolic profiling during ketogenic diet and relationship with myocardial glucose uptake on FDG-PET"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8418-7623","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Senthil","family":"Selvaraj","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA , USA"},{"name":"Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara B","family":"Seidelmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons , New York, NY , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meshal","family":"Soni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abhijit","family":"Bhattaru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA , USA"},{"name":"Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenneth B","family":"Margulies","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA , USA"},{"name":"Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3495-2830","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Svati H","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine , Durham, NC , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Supritha","family":"Dugyala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chenao","family":"Qian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel A","family":"Pryma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1368-2453","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zolt","family":"Arany","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA , 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