{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,5]],"date-time":"2026-11-05T07:08:23Z","timestamp":1793862503408,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":195,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,28]],"date-time":"2022-06-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656374400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,22]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Echocardiography is less than 70 years old, and many major advances have occurred within living memory, but already some pioneering contributions may be overlooked. In order to consider what circumstances have been common to the most successful innovations, we have studied and here provide a timeline and summary of the most important developments in transthoracic and transoesophageal ultrasound imaging and Doppler techniques, as well as in intravascular ultrasound and imaging in paediatric cardiology. The entries are linked to a comprehensive list of first publications and to a collection of first-hand historical accounts published by early investigators. Review of the original manuscripts highlights that it is difficult to establish unequivocal precedence for many new imaging methods, since engineers were often working independently but simultaneously on similar problems. Many individuals who are prominently linked with particular developments were not the first in their field. Developments in echocardiography have been highly dependent on technological advances, and most likely to be successful when engineers and clinicians were able to collaborate with open exchange between centres and disciplines. As with many other new medical technologies, initial responses were sceptical and introduction into clinical practice required persistence and substantial energy from the first adopters. Current developments involve advances in software as much as in equipment, and progress will depend on continuing collaborations between engineers and clinical scientists, for example to identify unmet needs and to investigate the clinical impact of particular imaging approaches.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jeac111","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,28]],"date-time":"2022-06-28T14:02:02Z","timestamp":1656424922000},"page":"1130-1143","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":58,"title":["A concise history of echocardiography: timeline, pioneers, and landmark publications"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7083-6995","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alan G","family":"Fraser","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Consultant Cardiologist, University Hospital of Wales, and Emeritus Professor of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University , Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XW , UK"},{"name":"Visiting Professor, Cardiovascular Imaging and Dynamics, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven , Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark J","family":"Monaghan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immediate Past Director of Non-Invasive Cardiology, King\u2019s College Hospital , London , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonius F W","family":"van der Steen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Head of Biomedical Engineering, Cardiology Department, Thorax Centre Erasmus University Medical Centre Rotterdam , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George R","family":"Sutherland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Retired Professor of Cardiology, St George\u2019s Hospital Medical School , London , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022081018422644300_jeac111-B1","first-page":"637","article-title":"An account of a new discovered motion of the fix\u2019d stars","volume":"35","author":"Bradley","year":"1727","journal-title":"Philos Trans R Soc Lond"},{"key":"2022081018422644300_jeac111-B2","volume-title":"Hydrodynamica, sive de viribus et motibus fluidorum commentarii","author":"Bernoulli","year":"1738"},{"key":"2022081018422644300_jeac111-B3","first-page":"217","article-title":"Principes g\u00e9n\u00e9raux de l'\u00e9tat d'\u00e9quilibre d'un fluide","volume":"11","author":"Euler","year":"1757","journal-title":"M\u00e9moires de l'acad\u00e9mie des sciences de Berlin (Royal Prussian Academy of Sciences)"},{"key":"2022081018422644300_jeac111-B4","first-page":"814","volume-title":"Opera posthuma mathematica et physica anno 1844 detecta","author":"Euler","year":"1862"},{"key":"2022081018422644300_jeac111-B5","first-page":"465","article-title":"\u00dcber das farbige Licht der Dopplersterne und einiger anderen Gestirne des Himmels","volume":"2","author":"Doppler","year":"1843","journal-title":"Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften"},{"key":"2022081018422644300_jeac111-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1002\/andp.18451421102","article-title":"Akustische Versuche auf der Niederl\u00e4ndischen Eisenbahn, nebst gelegentlichen Bemerkungen zur Theorie des Hrn. 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