{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T05:18:33Z","timestamp":1793337513919,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,6]],"date-time":"2022-07-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1657065600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) is valuable for the detection of cardiac involvement in neuromuscular diseases (NMDs). We explored the value of 2D- and 3D-left ventricular (LV) myocardial strain analysis using feature-tracking (FT)-CMR to detect subclinical cardiac involvement in NMD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study included retrospective analysis of 111 patients with NMD; mitochondrial cytopathies (n = 14), Friedreich\u2019s ataxia (FA, n = 27), myotonic dystrophy (n = 27), Becker\/Duchenne\u2019s muscular dystrophy (BMD\/DMD, n = 15), Duchenne\u2019s carriers (n = 6), or other (n = 22) and 57 age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers. Biventricular volumes, myocardial late gadolinium enhancement (LGE), and LV myocardial deformation were assessed by FT-CMR, including 2D and 3D global circumferential strain (GCS), global radial strain (GRS), global longitudinal strain (GLS), and torsion. Compared with the healthy volunteers, patients with NMD had impaired 2D-GCS (P &amp;lt; 0.001) and 2D-GRS (in the short-axis, P &amp;lt; 0.001), but no significant differences in 2D-GRS long-axis (P = 0.101), 2D-GLS (P = 0.069), or torsion (P = 0.122). 3D-GRS, 3D-GCS, and 3D-GLS values were all significantly different to the control group (P &amp;lt; 0.0001 for all). Especially, even NMD patients without overt cardiac involvement (i.e. LV dilation\/hypertrophy, reduced LVEF, or LGE presence) had significantly impaired 3D-GRS, GCS, and GLS vs. the control group (P &amp;lt; 0.0001). 3D-GRS and GCS values were significantly associated with the LGE presence and pattern, being most impaired in patients with transmural LGE.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>3D-FT CMR detects subclinical cardiac muscle disease in patients with NMD even before the development of replacement fibrosis or ventricular remodelling which may be a useful imaging biomarker for early detection of cardiac involvement.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jeac129","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,6]],"date-time":"2022-07-06T17:33:41Z","timestamp":1657128821000},"page":"503-511","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Myocardial strain analysis by cardiac magnetic resonance 3D feature-tracking identifies subclinical abnormalities in patients with neuromuscular disease and no overt cardiac involvement"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4979-668X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessia","family":"Azzu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CMR Unit, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, Guy\u2019s and St Thomas\u2019 NHS Foundation Trust , SW3 6NP London , UK"},{"name":"National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, Guy\u2019s and St Thomas\u2019 NHS Foundation Trust , Sydney Street, Chelsea, SW3 6NP London , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexios S","family":"Antonopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CMR Unit, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, Guy\u2019s and St Thomas\u2019 NHS Foundation Trust , SW3 6NP London , UK"},{"name":"Unit of Inherited Cardiac Conditions, 1st Cardiology Department, University of Athens , 11527 Athens , Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6314-9350","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sylvia","family":"Krupickova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CMR Unit, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, Guy\u2019s and St Thomas\u2019 NHS Foundation Trust , SW3 6NP London , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zain","family":"Mohiaddin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London , E1 2AD London , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1792-0762","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Batool","family":"Almogheer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CMR Unit, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, Guy\u2019s and St Thomas\u2019 NHS Foundation Trust , SW3 6NP London , 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