{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,10]],"date-time":"2026-11-10T19:32:33Z","timestamp":1794339153578,"version":"4.9.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,10]],"date-time":"2023-01-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1673308800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Giant cell myocarditis (GCM) is an inflammatory cardiomyopathy akin to cardiac sarcoidosis (CS). We decided to study the findings of GCM on cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging and to compare GCM with CS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>CMR studies of 18 GCM patients were analyzed and compared with 18 CS controls matched for age, sex, left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction and presenting cardiac manifestations. The analysts were blinded to clinical data. On admission, the duration of symptoms (median) was 0.2 months in GCM vs. 2.4 months in CS (P = 0.002), cardiac troponin T was elevated (&amp;gt;50 ng\/L) in 16\/17 patients with GCM and in 2\/16 with CS (P &amp;lt; 0.001), their respective median plasma B-type natriuretic propeptides measuring 4488 ng\/L and 1223 ng\/L (P = 0.011). On CMR imaging, LV diastolic volume was smaller in GCM (177 \u00b1 32 mL vs. 211 \u00b1 58 mL, P = 0.014) without other volumetric or wall thickness measurements differing between the groups. Every GCM patient had multifocal late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) in a distribution indistinguishable from CS both longitudinally, circumferentially, and radially across the LV segments. LGE mass averaged 17.4 \u00b1 6.3% of LV mass in GCM vs 25.0 \u00b1 13.4% in CS (P = 0.037). Involvement of insertion points extending across the septum into the right ventricular wall, the \u201chook sign\u201d of CS, was present in 53% of GCM and 50% of CS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In GCM, CMR findings are qualitatively indistinguishable from CS despite myocardial inflammation being clinically more acute and injurious. When matched for LV dysfunction and presenting features, LV size and LGE mass are smaller in GCM.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jeac265","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,21]],"date-time":"2022-12-21T17:59:12Z","timestamp":1671645552000},"page":"404-412","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Cardiac magnetic resonance in giant cell myocarditis: a matched comparison with cardiac sarcoidosis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3031-5391","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pauli","family":"P\u00f6yh\u00f6nen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart and Lung Center, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki , Haartmaninkatu 4, 00029 Helsinki , Finland"},{"name":"Radiology, HUS Diagnostic Center, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki , Haartmaninkatu 4, 00029 Helsinki , Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0114-114X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hanna-Kaisa","family":"Nordenswan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart and Lung Center, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki , Haartmaninkatu 4, 00029 Helsinki , Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jukka","family":"Lehtonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart and Lung Center, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki , Haartmaninkatu 4, 00029 Helsinki , Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1889-3858","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Suvi","family":"Syv\u00e4ranta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiology, HUS Diagnostic Center, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki , Haartmaninkatu 4, 00029 Helsinki , Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8877-4999","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chetan","family":"Shenoy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Minnesota Medical School, Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine , 420 Delaware St SE, MMC 508, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5813-3477","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Markku","family":"Kupari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart and Lung Center, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki , Haartmaninkatu 4, 00029 Helsinki , Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023032123101712500_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(02)02715-8","article-title":"A clinical and histopathologic comparison of cardiac sarcoidosis and idiopathic giant cell myocarditis","volume":"41","author":"Okura","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2023032123101712500_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1007\/s10741-012-9358-3","article-title":"Idiopathic giant cell myocarditis and cardiac sarcoidosis","volume":"18","author":"Blauwet","year":"2013","journal-title":"Heart Fail Rev"},{"key":"2023032123101712500_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.120.019415","article-title":"Manifestations and outcome of cardiac sarcoidosis and idiopathic giant cell myocarditis by 25-year nationwide cohorts","volume":"10","author":"Nordenswan","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"2023032123101712500_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-022-02639-0","article-title":"Diagnosis, management, and outcome of cardiac sarcoidosis and giant cell myocarditis: a Swedish single center experience","volume":"22","author":"Bobbio","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Cardiovasc Disord"},{"key":"2023032123101712500_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1362","DOI":"10.1002\/ehf2.12725","article-title":"Idiopathic giant cell myocarditis or cardiac sarcoidosis? 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