{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T23:18:15Z","timestamp":1787008695834,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,24]],"date-time":"2023-02-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677196800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"JSPS KAKENHI","award":["22K16215"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22K16215"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007331","name":"Aichi Kidney Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007331","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Aortic valve calcification in aortic sclerosis, a precursor of aortic stenosis (AS), is not always present in all three leaflets; how calcification develops in each leaflet is unknown. We aimed to investigate the natural history of calcification development in each aortic valve leaflet and the prognostic value of the number of calcified leaflets.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In a retrospective multicentre cohort study of patients undergoing haemodialysis without AS, we observed calcification development in each aortic valve leaflet using echocardiography. We investigated the association between the number of calcified leaflets and AS development and mortality using time-to-event analysis. Among the 1507 patients (mean age, 66 years; 66% male) included in the longitudinal echocardiography analysis, 709 (47%) had aortic sclerosis at baseline: one-leaflet calcified, 370 (52%); two-leaflet calcified, 215 (30%); and three-leaflet calcified, 124 (17%). The median time for one calcified leaflet increase was 3\u20134 years, and 251 (17%) patients developed AS during a median 3.2-year follow-up. The increased number of calcified aortic valve leaflets was associated with developing AS; compared with that of one-leaflet calcified, the adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) [95% confidence intervals (CIs)] of two- and three-leaflet calcified were 2.12 (1.49\u20133.00) and 4.43 (3.01\u20136.52), respectively; the aHR (95% CI) per one calcified leaflet increase was 2.24 (1.96\u20132.55). It was also associated with all-cause mortality; the aHR (95% CI) per one calcified leaflet increase was 1.18 (1.08\u20131.27).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The number of calcified aortic valve leaflets strongly predicted AS development and even mortality in patients undergoing haemodialysis, suggesting the usefulness of assessing calcification for each valve leaflet separately using echocardiography.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jead020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,8]],"date-time":"2023-02-08T10:12:58Z","timestamp":1675851178000},"page":"909-920","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Number of calcified aortic valve leaflets: natural history and prognostic value in patients undergoing haemodialysis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6692-2380","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shimon","family":"Kurasawa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine , 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550 ,","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"Department of Clinical Research Education, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine , Nagoya ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3711-3925","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masaki","family":"Okazaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine , 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550 ,","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"Harold Simmons Center for Kidney Disease Research and Epidemiology, Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Kidney Transplantation, University of California, Irvine School of Medicine , Orange, CA ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3831-7241","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takahiro","family":"Imaizumi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine , 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550 ,","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"Department of Advanced Medicine, Nagoya University Hospital , Nagoya ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6853-7574","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Toru","family":"Kondo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine , Nagoya ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6068-8228","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manabu","family":"Hishida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Kaikoukai Josai Hospital , Nagoya ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8098-1205","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nobuhiro","family":"Nishibori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine , 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8519-6927","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuki","family":"Takeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine , 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6319-5728","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hirotake","family":"Kasuga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Nagoya Kyoritsu Hospital , Nagoya ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8858-632X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shoichi","family":"Maruyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine , 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025021016492811500_jead020-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16006","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2016.6","article-title":"Calcific aortic 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