{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T11:41:20Z","timestamp":1784720480313,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,3]],"date-time":"2023-05-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1683072000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007478","name":"Netherlands Cardiovascular Research Initiative","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007478","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002996","name":"Dutch Heart Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017\u201321"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017\u201321"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002996","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005035","name":"Biotronik","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005035","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004320","name":"Philips","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004320","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004325","name":"Astra-Zeneca","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004325","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004191","name":"Novo Nordisk","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004191","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004326","name":"Bayer","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004326","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004319","name":"Pfizer","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004319","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004334","name":"Merck","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004334","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Left ventricular (LV) blood flow is determined by intraventricular pressure gradients (IVPG). Changes in blood flow initiate remodelling and precede functional decline. Novel cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) post-processing LV-IVPG analysis might provide a sensitive marker of LV function in dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Therefore, the aim of our study was to evaluate LV-IVPG patterns and their prognostic value in DCM.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>LV-IVPGs between apex and base were measured on standard CMR cine images in DCM patients (n = 447) from the Maastricht Cardiomyopathy registry. Major adverse cardiovascular events, including heart failure hospitalisations, life-threatening arrhythmias, and sudden\/cardiac death, occurred in 66 DCM patients (15%). A temporary LV-IVPG reversal during systolic\u2013diastolic transition, leading to a prolonged transition period or slower filling, was present in 168 patients (38%). In 14%, this led to a reversal of blood flow, which predicted outcome corrected for univariable predictors [hazard ratio (HR) = 2.57, 95% confidence interval (1.01\u20136.51), P = 0.047]. In patients without pressure reversal (n = 279), impaired overall LV-IVPG [HR = 0.91 (0.83\u20130.99), P = 0.033], systolic ejection force [HR = 0.91 (0.86\u20130.96), P &amp;lt; 0.001], and E-wave decelerative force [HR = 0.83 (0.73\u20130.94), P = 0.003] predicted outcome, independent of known predictors (age, sex, New York Heart Association class \u2265 3, LV ejection fraction, late gadolinium enhancement, LV-longitudinal strain, left atrium (LA) volume-index, and LA-conduit strain).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Pressure reversal during systolic\u2013diastolic transition was observed in one-third of DCM patients, and reversal of blood flow direction predicted worse outcome. In the absence of pressure reversal, lower systolic ejection force, E-wave decelerative force (end of passive LV filling), and overall LV-IVPG are powerful predictors of outcome, independent of clinical and imaging parameters.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jead083","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,3]],"date-time":"2023-05-03T05:12:10Z","timestamp":1683090730000},"page":"1231-1240","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["CMR-derived left ventricular intraventricular pressure gradients identify different patterns associated with prognosis in dilated cardiomyopathy"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0510-6010","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacqueline L","family":"Vos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Radboud University Medical Center , Geert Grooteplein 10, 6525 GA, Nijmegen , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne G","family":"Raafs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre , P. Debyelaan 25, 6229 HX Maastricht , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6222-071X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michiel T H M","family":"Henkens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre , P. Debyelaan 25, 6229 HX Maastricht , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2886-7653","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gianni","family":"Pedrizzetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste , Via Alfonso Valerio, 6\/1, 34127 Trieste , Italy"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California , 402 E Peltason Dr, Irvine, CA 92617 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline J","family":"van Deursen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Radboud University Medical Center , Geert Grooteplein 10, 6525 GA, Nijmegen , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2706-9326","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Rodwell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Evidence, Section Biostatistics, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences , Geert Grooteplein 10, 6525 GA, Nijmegen , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9477-7803","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephane R B","family":"Heymans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre , P. Debyelaan 25, 6229 HX Maastricht , The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Research, University of Leuven , Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven , Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1530-6363","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robin","family":"Nijveldt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Radboud University Medical Center , Geert Grooteplein 10, 6525 GA, Nijmegen , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,3]]},"reference":[{"issue":"36","key":"2023082310041535100_jead083-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3599","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab368","article-title":"2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure","volume":"42","author":"McDonagh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Heart 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