{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T05:17:50Z","timestamp":1779167870012,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,17]],"date-time":"2024-01-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705449600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"name":"Calgary Health Foundation"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We sought to characterize sex-related differences in cardiovascular magnetic resonance-based cardiovascular phenotypes and prognosis in patients with idiopathic non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy (NICM).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Patients with NICM enrolled in the Cardiovascular Imaging Registry of Calgary (CIROC) between 2015 and 2021 were identified. Z-score values for chamber volumes and function were calculated as standard deviation from mean values of 157 sex-matched healthy volunteers, ensuring reported differences were independent of known sex-dependencies. Patients were followed for the composite outcome of all-cause mortality, heart failure admission, or ventricular arrhythmia. A total of 747 patients were studied, 531 (71%) males. By Z-score values, females showed significantly higher left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (EF; median difference 1\u2005SD) and right ventricular (RV) EF (difference 0.6\u2005SD) with greater LV mass (difference 2.1\u2005SD; P &amp;lt; 0.01 for all) vs. males despite similar chamber volumes. Females had a significantly lower prevalence of mid-wall striae (MWS) fibrosis (22% vs. 34%; P &amp;lt; 0.001). Over a median follow-up of 4.7 years, 173 patients (23%) developed the composite outcome, with equal distribution in males and females. LV EF and MWS were significant independent predictors of the outcome (respective HR [95% CI] 0.97 [0.95\u20130.99] and 1.6 [1.2\u20132.3]; P = 0.003 and 0.005). There was no association of sex with the outcome.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In a large contemporary cohort, NICM was uniquely expressed in females vs. males. Despite similar chamber dilation, females demonstrated greater concentric remodelling, lower reductions in bi-ventricular function, and a lower burden of replacement fibrosis. Overall, their prognosis remained similar to male patients with NICM.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jeae014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,18]],"date-time":"2024-01-18T15:01:19Z","timestamp":1705590079000},"page":"804-813","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Sex-based differences in the phenotypic expression and prognosis of idiopathic non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy: a cardiovascular magnetic resonance study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Maggie","family":"Mallabone","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Stephenson Cardiac Imaging Centre, University of Calgary , #0700, SSB, Foothills Medical Centre, 1403-29th St., Calgary, AB, NW T2N2T9 , Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7108-8554","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dina","family":"Labib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stephenson Cardiac Imaging Centre, University of Calgary , #0700, SSB, Foothills Medical Centre, 1403-29th St., Calgary, AB, NW T2N2T9 , Canada"},{"name":"Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta , Calgary, AB , Canada"},{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Abdelhaleem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Alphonsus Medical Centre , Nampa, ID , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Steven","family":"Dykstra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stephenson Cardiac Imaging Centre, University of Calgary , #0700, SSB, Foothills Medical Centre, 1403-29th St., Calgary, AB, NW T2N2T9 , Canada"},{"name":"Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta , Calgary, AB , Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard B","family":"Thompson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, University of Alberta , Edmonton , Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D Ian","family":"Paterson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ottawa Heart Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa , Ottawa , Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3319-4377","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sam K","family":"Thompson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, University of Alberta , Edmonton , Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fereshteh","family":"Hasanzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stephenson Cardiac Imaging Centre, University of Calgary , #0700, SSB, Foothills Medical Centre, 1403-29th St., Calgary, AB, NW T2N2T9 , Canada"},{"name":"Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta , Calgary, AB , Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1575-9194","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoko","family":"Mikami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stephenson Cardiac Imaging Centre, University of Calgary , #0700, SSB, Foothills Medical Centre, 1403-29th St., Calgary, AB, NW T2N2T9 , Canada"},{"name":"Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta , Calgary, AB , Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Rivest","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stephenson Cardiac Imaging Centre, University of Calgary , #0700, SSB, Foothills Medical Centre, 1403-29th St., Calgary, AB, NW T2N2T9 , Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jacqueline","family":"Flewitt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stephenson Cardiac Imaging Centre, University of Calgary , #0700, SSB, Foothills Medical Centre, 1403-29th St., Calgary, AB, NW T2N2T9 , Canada"},{"name":"Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta , Calgary, AB , Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuanchao","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta , Calgary, AB , Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Macdonald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta , Calgary, AB , Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Melanie","family":"King","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta , Calgary, AB , Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Bristow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stephenson Cardiac Imaging Centre, University of Calgary , #0700, SSB, Foothills Medical Centre, 1403-29th St., Calgary, AB, NW T2N2T9 , Canada"},{"name":"Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta , Calgary, AB , Canada"},{"name":"Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary , Calgary, AB , Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Louis","family":"Kolman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stephenson Cardiac Imaging Centre, University of Calgary , #0700, SSB, Foothills Medical Centre, 1403-29th St., Calgary, AB, NW T2N2T9 , Canada"},{"name":"Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta , Calgary, AB , Canada"},{"name":"Department of Cardiac Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary , Calgary, AB , Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew G","family":"Howarth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stephenson Cardiac Imaging Centre, University of Calgary , #0700, SSB, Foothills Medical Centre, 1403-29th St., Calgary, AB, NW T2N2T9 , Canada"},{"name":"Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta , Calgary, AB , Canada"},{"name":"Department of Cardiac Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary , Calgary, AB , Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carmen P","family":"Lydell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stephenson Cardiac Imaging Centre, University of Calgary , #0700, SSB, Foothills Medical Centre, 1403-29th St., Calgary, AB, NW T2N2T9 , Canada"},{"name":"Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta , Calgary, AB , Canada"},{"name":"Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary , Calgary, AB , Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert J H","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta , Calgary, AB , Canada"},{"name":"Department of Cardiac Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary , Calgary, AB , Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nowell M","family":"Fine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta , Calgary, AB , Canada"},{"name":"Department of Cardiac Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary , Calgary, AB , Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5297-4507","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James A","family":"White","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stephenson Cardiac Imaging Centre, University of Calgary , #0700, SSB, Foothills Medical Centre, 1403-29th St., Calgary, AB, NW T2N2T9 , Canada"},{"name":"Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta , Calgary, AB , Canada"},{"name":"Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary , Calgary, AB , Canada"},{"name":"Department of Cardiac Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary , Calgary, AB , 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