{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T14:44:56Z","timestamp":1787755496946,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,28]],"date-time":"2024-03-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711584000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["201709PJT-389497-CID-CFAC-40513"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["201709PJT-389497-CID-CFAC-40513"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Women with angina and non-obstructive coronary artery disease (ANOCA) have a heightened risk for cardiovascular events, and the pathophysiology for ischaemic symptoms may be related to alterations in microvascular structure and function. We examined the use of breathing-enhanced oxygenation-sensitive cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (OS-CMR) using vasoactive breathing manoeuvres to assess myocardial oxygenation in women with ANOCA.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We recruited women (aged 40\u201365 years) from two sites in Canada who presented to healthcare with persistent retrosternal chest pain and found to have ANOCA, or without a history of cardiovascular disease. All participants were scanned using a clinical 3T MRI scanner, and OS-CMR images were acquired over a breath hold following paced hyperventilation to measure global and regional measurements of heterogeneity. Fifty-four women with ANOCA (age: 55 \u00b1 6.2 years) and 48 healthy controls (age: 51.2 \u00b1 4.8 years) were recruited. There was no significant difference in volume, function, mass, or global myocardial oxygenation between the two groups [mean %\u0394 in signal intensity (SI): 4.9 (\u00b17.3) vs. 4.5 (\u00b110.1), P = 0.82]. Women with ANOCA had higher regional variations in myocardial oxygenation in circumferential [median %\u0394 in SI: 5.1 (2.0\u20137.6) vs. 2.2 (1.4\u20133.5), P = 0.0004] and longitudinal directions [median %\u0394 in SI: 11.4 (5.4\u201316.7) vs. 6.0 (3.0\u20137.0), P = 0.001], which remained present in a multivariate model.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Heterogeneous myocardial oxygenation may explain ischaemic symptoms without any associated epicardial obstructive coronary artery disease. Regional variations in myocardial oxygenation on OS-CMR could serve as an important diagnostic marker for microvascular dysfunction in women with ANOCA.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jeae076","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,28]],"date-time":"2024-03-28T00:44:49Z","timestamp":1711586689000},"page":"1136-1143","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Heterogeneity of coronary vascular function and myocardial oxygenation in women with angina and non-obstructive coronary artery disease"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Hillier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University , 3605 de la Montagne, Montreal, QC H3G 2M1 , Canada"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta , 2J2.00 Walter C. MacKenzie Health Sciences Centre, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R7 , Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Malik","family":"Elharram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta , 2J2.00 Walter C. MacKenzie Health Sciences Centre, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R7 , Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James A","family":"White","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary , 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4 , Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Todd","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary , 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4 , Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Judy","family":"Luu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University , 3605 de la Montagne, Montreal, QC H3G 2M1 , Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7108-8554","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dina","family":"Labib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary , 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4 , Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Alhussein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary , 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4 , Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthias G","family":"Friedrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University , 3605 de la Montagne, Montreal, QC H3G 2M1 , Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6159-0628","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Louise","family":"Pilote","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University , 3605 de la Montagne, Montreal, QC H3G 2M1 , Canada"},{"name":"Centre for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre , 5252 boulevard de Maisonneuve West, Montreal, QC H3A 1A1 , Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024073102401327600_jeae076-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1016\/S0008-6363(01)00511-9","article-title":"Clinical characteristics of coronary heart disease in women: emphasis on gender differences","volume":"53","author":"Wenger","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cardiovasc 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