{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T02:30:08Z","timestamp":1785810608823,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]],"date-time":"2025-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765238400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Doppler-echocardiography is the primary imaging modality for the evaluation and follow-up of valvular heart devices. This article highlights the unique pitfalls associated with these devices, including imaging challenges and flow dynamics, which often push echocardiography to its limits. The use of a multi-modality imaging approach including cardiac computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance, and positron emission tomography-CT is recommended to confirm the diagnosis of prosthetic valve dysfunction (PVD), quantify its severity and determine its mechanism and aetiology. Thus, the distinction between non-structural and structural PVD is important to make by assessing: (i) the morphology and mobility of the valve leaflets; (ii) the changes in valve haemodynamic parameters during echocardiographic follow-up. Algorithms are also proposed to assess the presence and severity of residual valve regurgitation and iatrogenic stenosis following mitral or tricuspid transcatheter edge-to-edge repair. This article aims to enhance the understanding of imaging challenges and to propose solutions for clinicians managing patients with valvular heart disease devices.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jeaf336","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,5]],"date-time":"2025-12-05T13:07:58Z","timestamp":1764940078000},"page":"219-246","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Pitfalls and solutions in the imaging follow-up of valvular heart disease devices"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9629-5864","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julien","family":"Ternacle","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 M\u00e9dico-Chirurgicale des Valvulopathies, H\u00f4pital Haut-Leveque, CHU Bordeaux , Pessac ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierre Yves","family":"Turgeon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Quebec Heart and Lung Institute\u2014Laval University , 2725 Chemin Sainte-Foy, Qu\u00e9bec G1V 4G5 ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1342-9191","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rebecca T","family":"Hahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center , New York, NY ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nina Ajmone","family":"Marsan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Heart and Lung Center, Leiden University Medical Center , Leiden ,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3607-279X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philippe","family":"Pibarot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Quebec Heart and Lung Institute\u2014Laval University , 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