{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T05:32:23Z","timestamp":1790487143674,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"FI1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,8]],"date-time":"2020-05-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1588896000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Novel coronavirus-19 disease (COVID-19) is associated with significant cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. To date, there have not been reports of sinus node dysfunction (SND) associated with COVID-19. This case series describes clinical characteristics, potential mechanisms, and short-term outcomes of COVID-19 patients who experience de novo SND.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Case summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We present two cases of new-onset SND in patients recently diagnosed with COVID-19. Patient 1 is a 70-year-old female with no major past medical history who was intubated for acute hypoxic respiratory failure secondary to COVID-19 pneumonia and developed new-onset sinus bradycardia without a compensatory increase in heart rate in response to relative hypotension. Patient 2 is an 81-year-old male with a past medical history of an ascending aortic aneurysm, hypertension, and obstructive sleep apnoea who required intubation for COVID-19-induced acute hypoxic respiratory failure and exhibited new-onset sinus bradycardia followed by numerous episodes of haemodynamically significant accelerated idioventricular rhythm. Two weeks following the onset of SND, both patients remain in sinus bradycardia.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>COVID-19-associated SND has not previously been described. The potential mechanisms for SND in patients with COVID-19 include myocardial inflammation or direct viral infiltration. Patients diagnosed with COVID-19 should be monitored closely for the development of bradyarrhythmia and haemodynamic instability.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjcr\/ytaa132","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,8]],"date-time":"2020-05-08T12:07:55Z","timestamp":1588939675000},"page":"1-6","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Novel coronavirus 19 (COVID-19) associated sinus node dysfunction: a case series"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"4","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2388-8896","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Graham","family":"Peigh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6583-5389","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marysa V","family":"Leya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jayson R","family":"Baman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7065-7169","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eric P","family":"Cantey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2129-0401","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bradley P","family":"Knight","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James D","family":"Flaherty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021012109425188800_ytaa132-B1"},{"key":"2021012109425188800_ytaa132-B2","article-title":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and cardiovascular disease","author":"Clerkin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2021012109425188800_ytaa132-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.2005.037515","article-title":"Cardiovascular complications of severe acute respiratory syndrome","volume":"82","author":"Yu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Postgrad Med J"},{"key":"2021012109425188800_ytaa132-B4","article-title":"Cardiovascular considerations for patients, health care workers, and health systems during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic","author":"Driggin","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2021012109425188800_ytaa132-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/jce.14479","article-title":"Cardiac and arrhythmic complications in Covid-19 patients","author":"Kochi","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol"},{"key":"2021012109425188800_ytaa132-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2007.02.007","article-title":"Up-regulation of IL-6 and TNF-alpha induced by SARS-coronavirus spike protein in murine macrophages via NF-kappaB pathway","volume":"128","author":"Wang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Virus Res"},{"key":"2021012109425188800_ytaa132-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-020-0360-5","article-title":"COVID-19 and the cardiovascular system","volume":"17","author":"Zheng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cardiol"},{"key":"2021012109425188800_ytaa132-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2020.03.001","article-title":"Sanchis-Gomar F. 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