{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T18:16:54Z","timestamp":1784312214085,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,14]],"date-time":"2020-12-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1607904000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background\u2003<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Vitamin K deficiency bleeding is a life-threatening complication in early infancy. Exclusive breastfeeding and neonatal cholestasis syndromes, most notable \u03b1-1-antitrypsin deficiency, have been reported to be risk factors. Intracranial haemorrhage is most common. No association to haemopericardium has been reported before.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Case summary\u2003<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We report on an 11 weeks old at term-born infant, who presented with severe anaemia and signs of cardiogenic shock. Immediately echocardiography was done and depicted cardiac tamponade. Pericardiocentesis was performed and a significant amount of haemorrhagic fluid was removed. Further workup revealed deranged coagulation parameters, cholestatic liver disease, and reduced \u03b1-1-antitrypsin levels. Despite normal brain sonography, a small cerebral haemorrhage was detected on magnetic resonance imaging. A genetic test finally proofed homozygotic mutation of the SERPINA1-gene and confirmed the diagnosis of \u03b1-1-antitrypsin deficiency as the underlaying cause. After initial replacement of coagulation factors, erythrocytes and vitamin K, the infant recovered. Eighteen weeks after discharge, the infant is still on vitamin K supplementation. She did not have any further bleedings and no neurologic or developmental impairment.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Discussion\u2003<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency can lead to vitamin K deficiency in young infants even with adequate prophylaxis. Spontaneous haemorrhagic pericardial effusion was a new manifestation of vitamin K deficiency bleeding in our patient and should be considered and ruled out in young infants who present with acute anaemia and poor clinical condition.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjcr\/ytaa481","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,14]],"date-time":"2020-12-14T08:58:32Z","timestamp":1607936312000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Vitamin K deficiency-induced spontaneous haemopericardium and cardiac tamponade in an infant with alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency: a case report"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"5","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7350-1189","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christoph","family":"Bauer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric Cardiology, Kepler University Hospital GmbH, Krankenhausstrasse 26-30, 4020 Linz, Austria"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Johannes Kepler 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