{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]],"date-time":"2025-11-27T15:56:36Z","timestamp":1764258996820,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":7,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,13]],"date-time":"2021-12-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1639353600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":12,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Although infective endocarditis (IE) in pregnancy is rare, maternal and foetal mortality rates are very high. We herein report the successful treatment of a case of IE with simultaneous emergent caesarean section and mitral valve replacement performed at 27 weeks of gestation.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Case summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A 29-year-old woman at 27 weeks of gestation was referred for congestive heart failure (HF) due to infective endocarditis (IE) with large mobile vegetations and overt disruption of the mitral valve. We held a multi-disciplinary conference and decided to perform mitral valve replacement immediately after caesarean section because of the high risk of embolism and sepsis, worsening and unstable haemodynamics, and sufficient foetal maturity for delivery. Although coronary artery embolization and asymptomatic multiple cerebral infarctions were observed, her post-operative course was uneventful. Ultimately, the patient was discharged 29 days after surgery. The neonate was treated in the NICU until the expected delivery date and was discharged home on Day 95 of life.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Difficulties are associated with the selection of an operative plan and its timing for IE during pregnancy. Heart failure due to IE requires urgent surgery when medical treatment cannot stabilize the patient. However, cardiopulmonary bypass and medicine for pregnant women adversely affect the foetus. Therefore, the timing of surgery and delivery needs to be selected by a multi-disciplinary team and in consideration of the maternal condition and foetal maturity.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjcr\/ytab461","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,13]],"date-time":"2021-12-13T08:08:51Z","timestamp":1639382931000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Infective endocarditis in pregnancy requiring simultaneous emergent caesarean section and mitral valve replacement: a case report"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"5","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9519-2740","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shiori","family":"Maruichi-Kawakami","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Osaka Red Cross Hospital , 5-30 Fudegasaki, Tennoji-ku , Osaka 543-8555, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5043-8778","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kazuya","family":"Nagao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Osaka Red Cross Hospital , 5-30 Fudegasaki, Tennoji-ku , Osaka 543-8555, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takenori","family":"Kanazawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Osaka Red Cross Hospital , 5-30 Fudegasaki, Tennoji-ku , Osaka 543-8555, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8403-0164","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tsukasa","family":"Inada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Osaka Red Cross Hospital , 5-30 Fudegasaki, Tennoji-ku , Osaka 543-8555, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022081608430362300_ytab461-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1156","DOI":"10.1097\/01.SMJ.0000054503.18393.1E","article-title":"Endocarditis during pregnancy","volume":"96","author":"Montoya","year":"2003","journal-title":"South Med J"},{"key":"2022081608430362300_ytab461-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2014.04.024","article-title":"Pregnancy and postpartum infective endocarditis: a systematic review","volume":"89","author":"Kebed","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"2022081608430362300_ytab461-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1571","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciab533","article-title":"Maternal and Fetal Outcomes Associated With Infective Endocarditis in Pregnancy","volume":"73","author":"Dagher","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clinical Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"2022081608430362300_ytab461-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3075","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehv319","article-title":"2015 ESC Guidelines for the management of infective endocarditis: The Task Force for the Management of Infective Endocarditis of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Endorsed by: European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS), the European Association of Nuclear Medicine (EANM)","volume":"36","author":"Habib","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2022081608430362300_ytab461-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-016-0716-5","article-title":"Neonatal mortality and morbidity among infants between 24 to 31 complete weeks: a multicenter survey in China from 2013 to 2014","volume":"16","author":"Kong","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Pediatr"},{"key":"2022081608430362300_ytab461-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1186\/s13019-020-01147-6","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of infective endocarditis in pregnancy: a case report","volume":"15","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"key":"2022081608430362300_ytab461-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1093\/icvts\/ivv289","article-title":"Mitral valve endocarditis due to Abiotrophia defectiva in a 14th week pregnant woman","volume":"22","author":"Botta","year":"2016","journal-title":"Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg"}],"container-title":["European Heart Journal - Case Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ehjcr\/article-pdf\/5\/12\/ytab461\/45435357\/ytab461.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ehjcr\/article-pdf\/5\/12\/ytab461\/45435357\/ytab461.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,16]],"date-time":"2022-08-16T08:43:22Z","timestamp":1660639402000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ehjcr\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/ehjcr\/ytab461\/6459665"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Daniel","family":"Bromage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edgar Francisco Carrizales","family":"Sepulveda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emilia","family":"D'Elia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brett Sydney","family":"Bernstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elhosseyn","family":"Guella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]]},"references-count":7,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,3]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ehjcr\/ytab461","relation":{},"ISSN":["2514-2119"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2514-2119"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]]},"article-number":"ytab461"}}