{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T05:45:56Z","timestamp":1788587156379,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,3]],"date-time":"2022-10-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664755200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Persistent left superior vena cava (LSVC) with connection to the left atrium (LA) is a rare anomaly with serious clinical implications. Depending on the direction of flow through the intracardiac shunt, clinical presentation varies from cyanosis or paradoxical embolism to overt right heart failure.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Case summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A 26-year-old man with repaired ventricular septal defect (VSD) during infancy presented with symptoms of progressive exercise intolerance. Cardiac imaging revealed a large defect at the posterior wall of the LSVC above its entry to the coronary sinus (CS), connecting the LSVC with the LA and resulting in diversion of pulmonary venous return to the CS. All pulmonary veins connect normally to the LA. The large left-to-right intracardiac shunt led to significant right ventricular dilation and tricuspid regurgitation. He underwent successful anatomical repair with transcatheter implantation of covered stent from LSVC to the CS, redirecting pulmonary venous return to the LA. At 1 year follow up, his exercise capacity had improved, and cardiac imaging showed complete seal of the LSVC defect without obstruction to pulmonary venous return.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Our case is the first to our knowledge to report this unusual anatomic variant of LSVC to LA connection, and complete repair by transcatheter treatment. Previous case reports of other forms of LSVC to LA connection were treated with surgery or device occlusion without reconnection of LSVC. This case highlights the efficacy and safety of innovative percutaneous techniques in the management of complex congenital heart lesions. Meticulous procedural planning through 3D modelling and simulation is vital to mitigate the risks of these innovative procedures.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjcr\/ytac382","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,3]],"date-time":"2022-10-03T04:39:12Z","timestamp":1664771952000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Case report of a left superior vena cava to left atrial connection treated with percutaneous covered stent placement"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Phuoc","family":"Duong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Alder Hey Children\u2019s Hospital , Liverpool , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vasileios","family":"Papaioannou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Adult Congenital Heart Disease, Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital , Liverpool , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Moharam-Elgamal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Adult Congenital Heart Disease, Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital , Liverpool , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1556-7395","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sok-Leng","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Alder Hey Children\u2019s Hospital , Liverpool , UK"},{"name":"Department of Adult Congenital Heart Disease, Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital , Liverpool , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022101010551491800_ytac382-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jes017","article-title":"Left superior vena cava: revisited","volume":"13","author":"Irwin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"2022101010551491800_ytac382-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1186\/s13244-020-00906-2","article-title":"Persistent left superior vena cava: clinical importance and differential diagnoses","volume":"11","author":"Azizova","year":"2020","journal-title":"Insights Imaging"},{"key":"2022101010551491800_ytac382-B3","first-page":"E35","article-title":"Persistent left superior vena cava connected through the left upper pulmonary vein to the left atrium: an unusual pathway for paradoxical embolization and a rare cause of recurrent transient ischaemic attack","volume":"11","author":"Hutyra","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Echocardiogr"},{"key":"2022101010551491800_ytac382-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acvd.2018.05.007","article-title":"Left superior vena cava draining into the left atrium: clinical entities, diagnosis and surgical treatment","volume":"112","author":"Aguilar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arch Cardiovasc Dis"},{"key":"2022101010551491800_ytac382-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1800","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(97)83867-2","article-title":"Correction of left superior vena cava draining to the left atrium using extracardiac techniques","volume":"63","author":"Reddy","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"2022101010551491800_ytac382-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(97)01267-8","article-title":"Repair of complex unroofed coronary sinus by anastomosis of left to right superior vena cava","volume":"65","author":"van Son","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"2022101010551491800_ytac382-B7","first-page":"1","article-title":"Percutaneous device closure of persistent left superior vena cava connecting to the left atrium with intact coronary sinus: a rare entity","volume":"19","author":"Tomar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Images Paediatr Cardiol"},{"key":"2022101010551491800_ytac382-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.14740\/cr477w","article-title":"Percutaneous intervention of a persistent left superior vena cava draining into left pulmonary vein and coarctation of the aorta","volume":"7","author":"Bugami","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cardiol Res"},{"key":"2022101010551491800_ytac382-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1869","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(99)01037-1","article-title":"Left superior vena cava to the left atrium: do we have to change the traditional approach?","volume":"68","author":"Zimand","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"2022101010551491800_ytac382-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2005.02.015","article-title":"Percutaneous closure of a persistent left superior vena cava connected to the left atrium","volume":"106","author":"Troost","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"2022101010551491800_ytac382-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"v15","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/eup270","article-title":"The anatomy of the coronary sinus venous system for the cardiac electrophysiologist","volume":"11","author":"Habib","year":"2009","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"2022101010551491800_ytac382-B12","first-page":"312","article-title":"Left superior vena cava draining to left atrium with partially anomalous pulmonary venous connection and left-to-right shunt - multimodality imaging and percutaneous treatment","volume":"14","author":"Ylanen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Postepy Kardiol Interwencyjnej"},{"key":"2022101010551491800_ytac382-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1002\/ccd.29750","article-title":"Correction of sinus venosus atrial septal defects with the 10 zig covered Cheatham-platinum stent - an international registry","volume":"98","author":"Rosenthal","year":"2021","journal-title":"Catheter Cardiovasc Interv"},{"key":"2022101010551491800_ytac382-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jccase.2021.07.005","article-title":"Unanticipated complication of transcatheter correction of superior sinus venosus atrial septal defect","volume":"25","author":"Yalamanchi","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Cardiol Cases"}],"container-title":["European Heart Journal - Case Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ehjcr\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/ehjcr\/ytac382\/46305787\/ytac382.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ehjcr\/article-pdf\/6\/10\/ytac382\/46403963\/ytac382.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ehjcr\/article-pdf\/6\/10\/ytac382\/46403963\/ytac382.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,10]],"date-time":"2022-10-10T10:56:35Z","timestamp":1665399395000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ehjcr\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/ehjcr\/ytac382\/6746596"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Filippo","family":"Puricelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Henzel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]},{"given":"Parag","family":"Bawaskar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]},{"given":"Gal","family":"Tsaban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]},{"given":"Katharine","family":"Kott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,8]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ehjcr\/ytac382","relation":{},"ISSN":["2514-2119"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2514-2119","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]]},"article-number":"ytac382"}}