{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T02:20:31Z","timestamp":1773022831510,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,9]],"date-time":"2024-02-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1707436800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":8,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Ablation of persistent atrial fibrillation (AF) remains challenging, with atrial substrate modification often being performed as an adjunct to pulmonary vein isolation (PVI). Pulsed field ablation (PFA) is a novel ablation modality that carries a favourable safety profile, which could facilitate complex procedures.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Case summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We present the case of a 60-year-old male undergoing catheter ablation for symptomatic persistent AF. The procedure was performed with the Farapulse\u2122 PFA system in a stepwise manner, including PVI and linear lesions for the isolation of the posterior left atrial wall and the ablation of the mitral isthmus. The final step of the procedure included the ablation of areas exhibiting spatiotemporal electrogram dispersion, identified with the help of artificial intelligence\u2013based software (VX1, Volta Medical) in both atria. Sinus rhythm was restored after the abolition of an electrogram dispersion zone in the right atrium. The procedure was carried out without any complications.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Complex ablation procedures for persistent AF can be successfully performed with PFA. In the context of such extensive ablation strategies, PFA is an attractive energy source, given its non-thermal nature that is known to prevent damage to surrounding tissue and result in less chronic fibrosis. However, caution should be exercised to avoid excessive ablation when using the currently available multispline PFA catheter, as it may inadvertently target adjacent areas of healthy myocardium.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjcr\/ytae085","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,9]],"date-time":"2024-02-09T12:25:10Z","timestamp":1707481510000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Pulsed field ablation of spatiotemporal electrogram dispersion following pulmonary vein isolation and left atrial linear lesions for persistent atrial fibrillation: a case report"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8041-4574","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vasileios","family":"Sousonis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart Rhythm Management Department, Clinique Pasteur , 45 Avenue de Lombez , 31300 Toulouse, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Quentin","family":"Voglimacci-Stephanopoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart Rhythm Management Department, Clinique Pasteur , 45 Avenue de Lombez , 31300 Toulouse, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-3832-000X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah","family":"Zeriouh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart Rhythm Management Department, Clinique Pasteur , 45 Avenue de Lombez , 31300 Toulouse, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1280-7042","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Serge","family":"Boveda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart Rhythm Management Department, Clinique Pasteur , 45 Avenue de Lombez , 31300 Toulouse, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jean Paul","family":"Albenque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart Rhythm Management Department, Clinique Pasteur , 45 Avenue de Lombez , 31300 Toulouse, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024022419563560200_ytae085-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euad090","article-title":"Multi-centre, prospective randomized comparison of three different substrate ablation strategies for persistent atrial fibrillation","volume":"25","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"2024022419563560200_ytae085-B2","first-page":"757","article-title":"Comparing the efficacy of catheter ablation strategies for persistent atrial fibrillation: a Bayesian analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"66","author":"Wu","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Interv Card 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persistent atrial fibrillation: a substudy of the STAR AF II trial","volume":"14","author":"Kochh\u00e4user","year":"2017","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"2024022419563560200_ytae085-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.15420\/AER.2015.04.02.109","article-title":"Is mapping of complex fractionated electrograms obsolete?","volume":"4","author":"Sohal","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arrhythm Electrophysiol Rev"},{"key":"2024022419563560200_ytae085-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2018.10.030","article-title":"Intracardiac pulsed field ablation: proof of feasibility in a chronic porcine model","volume":"16","author":"Stewart","year":"2019","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"2024022419563560200_ytae085-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1111\/jce.15349","article-title":"Pulsed-field ablation combined with ultrahigh-density mapping in patients undergoing catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation: practical and electrophysiological considerations","volume":"33","author":"Gunawardene","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol"},{"key":"2024022419563560200_ytae085-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1767","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euab155","article-title":"Pulsed field ablation prevents chronic atrial fibrotic changes and restrictive mechanics after catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation","volume":"23","author":"Nakatani","year":"2021","journal-title":"Europace"}],"container-title":["European Heart Journal - Case 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