{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T03:39:54Z","timestamp":1775187594905,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":7,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,10]],"date-time":"2024-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1720569600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":9,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,2]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n Giant cell myocarditis is a fatal disease that could be rapidly progressive if not properly managed. However, the role of immunosuppressive therapy, especially in refractory cases, remains unclear.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Case summary<\/jats:title>\n A 76-year-old man presented with back pain with elevated cardiac enzymes. Skeletal muscle and endomyocardial biopsies revealed giant cell myositis and giant cell myocarditis. Despite the initial immunosuppressive therapy, cardiac enzymes continued to rise. Serial endomyocardial biopsies enabled combination treatment of prednisolone, cyclosporine, and mycophenolate mofetil according to histological inflammatory activity.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Discussion<\/jats:title>\n We presented a case of refractory giant cell myocarditis preceded by giant cell myositis. While endomyocardial biopsy is an approach with risk of procedural complications, it can guide giant cell myocarditis management when the initial immunosuppressive therapy is ineffective.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjcr\/ytae326","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,10]],"date-time":"2024-07-10T15:26:50Z","timestamp":1720625210000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Giant cell myocarditis attributable to myositis: therapeutic management under the guidance of serial endomyocardial biopsy\u2014a case report"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7557-1727","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marina","family":"Arai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center , 6-1 Kishibeshinmachi, Suita, Osaka 564-8565 , Japan"},{"name":"Department of Transplant Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center , Suita , Japan"},{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University , Sendai , Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6307-5593","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu","family":"Kataoka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center , 6-1 Kishibeshinmachi, Suita, Osaka 564-8565 , Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0963-6940","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yasumasa","family":"Tsukamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Transplant Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center , Suita , Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9822-3461","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Keiko","family":"Ohta-Ogo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center , Suita , Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024073119571476200_ytae326-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1860","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199706263362603","article-title":"Idiopathic giant-cell myocarditis\u2014natural history and treatment. Multicenter Giant Cell Myocarditis Study Group Investigators","volume":"336","author":"Cooper","year":"1997","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2024073119571476200_ytae326-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.112.969261","article-title":"Diagnosis, treatment, and outcome of giant-cell myocarditis in the era of combined immunosuppression","volume":"6","author":"Kandolin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Circ Heart Fail"},{"key":"2024073119571476200_ytae326-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.11.074","article-title":"Management of patients with giant cell myocarditis","volume":"77","author":"Bang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2024073119571476200_ytae326-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2035","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.2471-18","article-title":"Successful triple combination immunosuppressive therapy with prednisolone, cyclosporine, and mycophenolate mofetil to treat recurrent giant cell myocarditis","volume":"58","author":"Akita","year":"2019","journal-title":"Intern Med"},{"key":"2024073119571476200_ytae326-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1536\/ihj.18-299","article-title":"Intravenous immunoglobulin therapy for acute myocarditis in children and adults","volume":"60","author":"Huang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int Heart J"},{"key":"2024073119571476200_ytae326-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardfail.2015.01.004","article-title":"Effect of intravenous immunoglobulin for fulminant myocarditis on in-hospital mortality: propensity score analyses","volume":"21","author":"Isogai","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Card Fail"},{"key":"2024073119571476200_ytae326-B7","first-page":"CD004370","article-title":"Intravenous immunoglobulin for presumed viral myocarditis in children and adults","volume":"8","author":"Robinson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"}],"container-title":["European Heart Journal - Case Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ehjcr\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/ehjcr\/ytae326\/58487602\/ytae326.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ehjcr\/article-pdf\/8\/7\/ytae326\/58699069\/ytae326.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ehjcr\/article-pdf\/8\/7\/ytae326\/58699069\/ytae326.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]],"date-time":"2024-08-01T02:57:47Z","timestamp":1722481067000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ehjcr\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/ehjcr\/ytae326\/7710217"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Diego","family":"Araiza-Garaygordobil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria Concetta","family":"Pastore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Diego","family":"Araiza-Garaygordobil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takeshi","family":"Kitai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elton","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"references-count":7,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,2]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ehjcr\/ytae326","relation":{},"ISSN":["2514-2119"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2514-2119","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"article-number":"ytae326"}}