{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T11:49:17Z","timestamp":1753876157753,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,10]],"date-time":"2024-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1720569600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":9,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Left ventricular apical pacing (LVAP) is considered to preserve left ventricular (LV) systolic function in both patients with and without congenital heart disease. However, sporadic LVAP-associated cardiac dysfunction in children with complex structural heart disease was recently reported. We present the case of a 2.5-year-old child with complex congenital heart disease and LVAP-induced cardiomyopathy.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Case summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Corrective surgery for double outlet right ventricle, subpulmonary ventricular septal defect, and transposition of the great arteries was done at the age of 1.5 months. Late complete atrioventricular block occurred, necessitating VVI pacemaker insertion with LV apical epicardial leads. He presented with heart failure and dilated cardiomyopathy 1.5 years after pacemaker insertion and required persistent circulatory support with intravenous inotropes. Speckle tracking echocardiography identified an important LV apical to basal dyssynchrony. After excluding any coronary artery involvement, cardiac resynchronization therapy was performed. Speckle tracking echocardiography guided lead placement resulted in improved LV contraction synchrony. Cardiac function recovered progressively in combination with oral heart failure medication and is almost normal at 10-month follow-up.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Right ventricular pacing is a well-known cause of pacing-induced cardiomyopathy. The LV apex and LV free wall are thought to be most optimal locations for ventricular pacing in children. However, LVAP can also be the cause of a pacing-induced cardiomyopathy and decreased systolic LV function in children with complex congenital heart disease due to lack of LV contraction synchrony. Cardiac resynchronization therapy can reverse this LV dysfunction and remodelling.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjcr\/ytae339","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,10]],"date-time":"2024-07-10T15:32:54Z","timestamp":1720625574000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Left ventricular apical pacing-induced heart failure in a child after congenital heart surgery: a case report"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1995-4117","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rik","family":"De Wolf","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center , Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1274-8097","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roel L F","family":"van der Palen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center , Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3016-1086","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arend D J","family":"ten Harkel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center , Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3150-5007","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark G","family":"Hazekamp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center , Leiden , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6919-8380","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nico A","family":"Blom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center , Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden , The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC , Amsterdam , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024072711004892900_ytae339-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2051","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2011-300197","article-title":"Impact of the permanent ventricular pacing site on left ventricular function in children: a retrospective multicentre survey","volume":"97","author":"van Geldorp","year":"2011","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"2024072711004892900_ytae339-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.112.115428","article-title":"Permanent cardiac pacing in children: choosing the optimal pacing site: a multicenter study","volume":"127","author":"Janou\u0161ek","year":"2013","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2024072711004892900_ytae339-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euz325","article-title":"Left ventricular apical pacing in children: feasibility and long-term effect on ventricular function","volume":"22","author":"Kovanda","year":"2020","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"2024072711004892900_ytae339-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2260","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2018.08.009","article-title":"Coding of coronary arterial origin and branching in congenital heart disease: the modified Leiden Convention","volume":"156","author":"Gittenberger-de Groot","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"2024072711004892900_ytae339-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1382","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(00)02064-6","article-title":"Implantation of cardioverter device in young children: the perirenal approach","volume":"71","author":"Hazekamp","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"2024072711004892900_ytae339-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2016.03.081","article-title":"Incidence and characteristics of heart block after heart surgery in pediatric patients: a multicenter study","volume":"152","author":"Liberman","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"2024072711004892900_ytae339-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3256","DOI":"10.19102\/icrm.2018.090804","article-title":"Cardiac resynchronization therapy in pediatrics","volume":"9","author":"Hill","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Innov Card Rhythm Manag"},{"key":"2024072711004892900_ytae339-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e018302","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.120.018302","article-title":"Long-term outcome of patients with congenital heart disease undergoing cardiac resynchronization therapy","volume":"10","author":"Kubu\u0161","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"2024072711004892900_ytae339-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2005.05.096","article-title":"Resynchronization therapy in pediatric and congenital heart disease patients: an international multicenter study","volume":"46","author":"Dubin","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2024072711004892900_ytae339-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1654","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/eup342","article-title":"Differential effects of the site of permanent epicardial pacing on left ventricular synchrony and function in the young: implications for lead placement","volume":"11","author":"Gebauer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"2024072711004892900_ytae339-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1060","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2022.03.016","article-title":"Multisite pacing for heart failure associated with left ventricular apical pacing in congenital heart disease","volume":"8","author":"Koubsk\u00fd","year":"2022","journal-title":"JACC Clin Electrophysiol"}],"container-title":["European Heart Journal - Case Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ehjcr\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/ehjcr\/ytae339\/58498249\/ytae339.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ehjcr\/article-pdf\/8\/7\/ytae339\/58665408\/ytae339.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ehjcr\/article-pdf\/8\/7\/ytae339\/58665408\/ytae339.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,27]],"date-time":"2024-07-27T11:01:08Z","timestamp":1722078068000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ehjcr\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/ehjcr\/ytae339\/7710545"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Massimo","family":"Mapelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ivan","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andriana","family":"Anagnostopoulou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luis Antonio","family":"Moreno-Ruiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nikesh","family":"Jathanna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,2]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ehjcr\/ytae339","relation":{},"ISSN":["2514-2119"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2514-2119"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"article-number":"ytae339"}}