{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T16:16:39Z","timestamp":1781021799367,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,30]],"date-time":"2024-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722297600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Coronary spastic angina (CSA) in premenopausal women is not frequent but has also been suggested to be associated with oestrogen decline during the menstrual cycle and sometimes becomes refractory and difficult to control. We experienced two premenopausal women with CSA that showed the involvement of the menstrual cycle.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Case summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Case 1: 41-year-old-woman had ST-segment elevation and chest pain during urosepsis, just 2 days after the onset of menstruation. The acetylcholine stress test was performed according to the menstrual cycle, and multiple coronary spasms were induced. Case 2: 40-year-old-woman had refractory chest pain as a symptom of premenstrual syndrome (PMS). Coronary angiography on drugs at the maximum dose revealed spontaneous multiple coronary spasms. Blood levels of oestrogen were normal, suggesting that hormonal change may be involved, and the introduction of low-dose pills made free from angina and the reduction of drug dose.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In premenopausal female angina pectoris, oestrogen may play a role; it is important to ask about the menstrual cycle and history of PMS. Besides, the timing of catheterization in premenopausal women with suspected CSA should be considered. Low-dose pills may be effective in some cases, and active medical collaboration with other departments such as gynaecology is desirable.\u3000<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjcr\/ytae381","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,30]],"date-time":"2024-07-30T19:37:07Z","timestamp":1722368227000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Two case reports of coronary spastic angina accompanied by the menstrual cycle"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8018-1726","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rie","family":"Aoyama","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Heart and Vascular Institute, Funabashi Municipal Medical Center , 1-21-1 Kanasugi, Chiba 273-8588 , Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hironao","family":"Sudo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Heart and Vascular 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