{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T11:51:40Z","timestamp":1753876300492,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,16]],"date-time":"2024-12-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734307200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,24]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Patients after transcatheter pulmonary valve implantation (TPVI) are at increased risk for infective prosthetic valve endocarditis. Diagnosis of infective endocarditis (IE) following TPVI is particularly difficult due to impaired visualization of the transcatheter pulmonary valve (TPV) with echocardiography [Delgado V, Ajmone Marsan N, de Waha S, Bonaros N, Brida M, Burri H, et al. 2023 ESC guidelines for the management of endocarditis. Eur Heart J 2023;44:3948\u20134042]. The aim of this case report is to describe the significant role of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography\/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET\/CT) in diagnosing IE post-TPVI.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Case summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A 22-year-old woman presented to the emergency department with fever and chest pain. Relevant past medical history included a left ventricular outflow membrane resection at infancy, a Ross procedure at the age of 4 with post-operative pacemaker implantation and Melody\u2122 TPVI at the age of 16 because of pulmonary valve stenosis. Blood tests showed elevated inflammatory markers. Transthoracic echocardiography revealed elevated systolic pulmonary artery pressure of 53\u2005mmHg. After 2 days, blood cultures appeared positive for Streptococcus species. Subsequently, transoesophageal echocardiography showed an elevated TPV peak gradient (25\u2005mmHg). No clear valvular nor pacemaker lead vegetations were identified but could not be ruled out as inspection of the TPV was difficult. However, 18F-FDG PET\/CT demonstrated heightened metabolism at the TPV, which confirmed the diagnosis of TPV IE. Intravenous antibiotic treatment was administered, which led to clinical improvement and normalization of the inflammatory markers.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Transthoracic echocardiography and transoesophageal echocardiography often fail to provide adequate assessment, making 18F-FDG PET\/CT crucial for diagnosing TPV IE in this case. Important to notice is the possibility of false-negative and false-positive diagnoses and the radiation exposure, particularly in this young population.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjcr\/ytae667","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,16]],"date-time":"2024-12-16T10:17:48Z","timestamp":1734344268000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The crucial role of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography\/computed tomography in diagnosing pulmonary valve endocarditis in patients after transcatheter pulmonary valve implantation: a case report"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-2894-0015","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kaat","family":"Rottiers","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, University Hospital , Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent ,","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liesbeth","family":"Rosseel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Azorg , Merestraat 80, 9300 Aalst ,","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025012711205256400_ytae667-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjcr\/ytaa195","article-title":"Pulmonary valve endocarditis in adults with congenital heart disease: the role of echocardiography in a case series","volume":"4","author":"Fusco","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Case Rep"},{"key":"2025012711205256400_ytae667-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3948","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehad193","article-title":"2023 ESC guidelines for the management of endocarditis","volume":"44","author":"Delgado","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2025012711205256400_ytae667-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2255","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehz201","article-title":"Acute and midterm outcomes of the post-approval MELODY registry: a multicentre registry of transcatheter pulmonary valve implantation","volume":"40","author":"Nordmeyer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2025012711205256400_ytae667-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2265","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehz320","article-title":"Transcatheter pulmonary valve implantation: a melody to follow","volume":"40","author":"Schmidt","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2025012711205256400_ytae667-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e008163","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.117.008163","article-title":"Infective endocarditis after melody valve implantation in the pulmonary position: a systematic review","volume":"7","author":"Abdelghani","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"2025012711205256400_ytae667-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2020.08.058","article-title":"Infective endocarditis in patients after percutaneous pulmonary valve implantation with the stent-mounted bovine jugular vein valve: clinical experience and evaluation of the modified Duke criteria","volume":"323","author":"Bos","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"2025012711205256400_ytae667-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.05.044","article-title":"Multicenter study of endocarditis after transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement","volume":"78","author":"McElhinney","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2025012711205256400_ytae667-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2013.10.016","article-title":"Infective endocarditis following percutaneous pulmonary valve replacement: diagnostic challenges and application of intra-cardiac echocardiography","volume":"169","author":"Cheung","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"2025012711205256400_ytae667-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2017.08.008","article-title":"(18)F-FDG-PET\/CT angiography in the diagnosis of infective endocarditis and cardiac device infection in adult patients with congenital heart disease and prosthetic material","volume":"248","author":"Pizzi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"2025012711205256400_ytae667-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2021.07.015","article-title":"Diagnostic value of (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography computed tomography in prosthetic pulmonary valve infective endocarditis","volume":"15","author":"Venet","year":"2022","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Imaging"}],"container-title":["European Heart Journal - 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