{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T02:01:32Z","timestamp":1760061692399,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,3]],"date-time":"2025-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756857600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,29]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Diagnosing the cause of undifferentiated left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in a patient with progressive heart failure symptoms can present a diagnostic challenge, with potential for both inherited and acquired aetiologies. Hydroxychloroquine-induced cardiomyopathy (HCQ-CM) is a rare complication of long-term hydroxychloroquine use. This case report highlights its clinical presentation, key differential diagnoses, and treatment strategies.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Case summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A 56-year-old female with a longstanding history of systemic lupus erythematosus presented with progressive dyspnoea, fatigue, and fluid overload. Initial investigation revealed LVH with restrictive physiology, elevated cardiac biomarkers, and non-specific findings on echocardiography suggestive of an infiltrative cardiomyopathy. The diagnosis remained uncertain until an endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) confirmed HCQ-CM, characterized by the presence of curvilinear inclusion bodies. Following cessation of HCQ, there was a significant clinical improvement, with the patient achieving NYHA class I status at 6 months follow-up.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This case highlights the critical importance of considering HCQ-CM, in the differential diagnosis of unexplained heart failure and LVH in patients on long-term HCQ therapy. A multi-parametric diagnostic approach\u2014including EMB and genetic testing where appropriate\u2014is essential to identify potentially reversible causes of cardiomyopathy and enable timely therapeutic adjustments.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjcr\/ytaf377","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,3]],"date-time":"2025-09-03T07:27:03Z","timestamp":1756884423000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Long-term hydroxychloroquine use resulting in cardiomyopathy and conduction abnormalities: a case report"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-1369-1875","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Timothy","family":"Ryan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Heart Failure and Cardiac Transplant Service, Fiona Stanley Hospital , 11 Robin Warren Drive, Murdoch, WA 6150 ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Luttrell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomical Pathology, PathWest, Fiona Stanley Hospital , 11 Robin Warren Drive, Murdoch, WA 6150 ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amit","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Heart Failure and Cardiac Transplant Service, Fiona Stanley Hospital , 11 Robin Warren Drive, Murdoch, WA 6150 ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kaitlyn","family":"Lam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Heart Failure and Cardiac Transplant Service, Fiona Stanley Hospital , 11 Robin Warren Drive, Murdoch, WA 6150 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