{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,24]],"date-time":"2026-01-24T19:46:20Z","timestamp":1769283980937,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,23]],"date-time":"2025-12-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766448000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Isolated left ventricular apical hypoplasia is a rare and lesser-known form of cardiomyopathy characterized by specific findings on cardiac imaging. It is thought to be congenital in origin, with clinical features that can range from being asymptomatic to presenting with heart failure and arrhythmias.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Case summary<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A 43-year-old woman presented with chest pain and had previously undergone evaluation at another facility, including a 2D echocardiogram and computed tomography (CT) coronary angiography. These tests revealed a dilated left atrium and ventricle and reduced left ventricular function alongside a Type I left anterior descending artery. A cardiac magnetic resonance image (MRI) and review of the CT scan confirmed a diagnosis of isolated left ventricular apical hypoplasia. Guideline-directed medical therapy was initiated due to the initial presentation of left ventricular dysfunction.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Left ventricular apical hypoplasia is characterized by (i) a truncated, spherical, and impaired left ventricle (LV) with bulging of the interventricular septum towards the right ventricle (RV), (ii) fatty material in the apical region of the LV, (iii) abnormalities in the papillary muscles and trabecular structures, and (iv) elongation of the RV wrapping around the underdeveloped LV. Limited data is available on this condition, with only a few reported cases. Currently, no definitive guidelines exist, and management is tailored to the patient\u2019s specific presentation, including treating heart failure and any arrhythmias that may arise. While the aetiology of this condition remains poorly understood, it is crucial to recognize it to prevent misdiagnosis and to encourage further research into its management.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjcr\/ytaf650","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,20]],"date-time":"2025-12-20T12:52:37Z","timestamp":1766235157000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Isolated left ventricular apical hypoplasia: a case report"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-0643-7151","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ujjwala","family":"Tulluri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Asian Heart Institute and Research Centre- Department of Cardiology, Department of Radiology , G\/N, G Block BKC, Bandra Kurla Complex, Bandra East, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India 400051"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tilak","family":"Suvarna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Asian Heart Institute and Research Centre- Department of Cardiology, Department of Radiology , G\/N, G Block BKC, Bandra Kurla Complex, Bandra East, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India 400051"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ganesh","family":"Barhate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Asian Heart Institute and Research Centre- Department of Cardiology, Department of Radiology , G\/N, G Block BKC, Bandra Kurla Complex, Bandra East, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India 400051"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026012400012019200_ytaf650-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.2003.010637","article-title":"Isolated left ventricular apical hypoplasia: a new congenital anomaly described with cardiac tomography","volume":"90","author":"Fernandez-Valls","year":"2004","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"2026012400012019200_ytaf650-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e21","DOI":"10.15420\/cfr.2021.24","article-title":"Isolated left ventricular apical hypoplasia","volume":"7","author":"Dattani","year":"2021","journal-title":"Card Fail Rev"},{"key":"2026012400012019200_ytaf650-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1747-0803.2011.00489.x","article-title":"Isolated left ventricular apical hypoplasia","volume":"6","author":"Vanhecke","year":"2011","journal-title":"Congenit Heart Dis"},{"key":"2026012400012019200_ytaf650-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(85)90181-X","article-title":"Hypoplasia of the apical trabecular component of the morphologically right ventricle","volume":"55","author":"Oldershaw","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"2026012400012019200_ytaf650-B5","first-page":"717","article-title":"Mutation of the lamin A\/C gene associated with left ventricular apical hypoplasia: a new phenotype for laminopathies?","volume":"15","author":"Pica","year":"2014","journal-title":"G Ital Cardiol (Rome)"},{"key":"2026012400012019200_ytaf650-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2017-312338","article-title":"Lamin and the heart","volume":"104","author":"Captur","year":"2018","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"2026012400012019200_ytaf650-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5494","DOI":"10.12998\/wjcc.v11.i23.5494","article-title":"Isolated left ventricular apical hypoplasia: systematic review and analysis of the 37 cases reported so far","volume":"11","author":"Bassareo","year":"2023","journal-title":"World J Clin Cases"},{"key":"2026012400012019200_ytaf650-B8","first-page":"136","article-title":"Isolated left ventricular apical hypoplasia without lamin A\/C gene mutation","volume":"35","author":"Manso","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Cardiovasc Sci"},{"key":"2026012400012019200_ytaf650-B9","first-page":"20480040251325379","article-title":"Isolated left ventricular apical hypoplasia: a case report","volume":"14","author":"Hu","year":"2025","journal-title":"JRSM Cardiovasc Dis"}],"container-title":["European Heart Journal - 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