{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]],"date-time":"2026-02-21T14:59:58Z","timestamp":1771685998700,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769558400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We describe the youngest (2.8 years, 9\u2005kg) successful cavotricuspid isthmus (CTI) cryoablation whose medical management was complicated with severe sinus node dysfunction and recurrent atrial flutter despite medical therapy (sotalol).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Case summary<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Two-catheter, zero fluoroscopy electrophysiology study was performed using EnSite PrecisionTM mapping system. Cavotricuspid isthmus proved to be \u2018in\u2019 circuit with entrainment. Point-by-point 2\u2005min cryolesions resulted in termination of atrial flutter, and later bidirectional block (&amp;gt;120\u2005ms) was confirmed. There was no recurrence post-ablation (&amp;gt;1.5-year follow-up).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ablation offers a less invasive approach (vs. pacemaker implantation) to toddlers with tachyarrhythmia and coexisting conduction disease, limiting medical management option.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjcr\/ytag023","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,26]],"date-time":"2026-01-26T10:17:48Z","timestamp":1769422668000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Successful cryoablation for typical atrial flutter in a toddler with sinus node dysfunction: the youngest case report"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Mohammad A","family":"Ebrahim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Kuwait University Faculty of Medicine, Affiliated with Chest Diseases Hospital , Block 4, Street 102, Jabriya 46300 ,","place":["Kuwait"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-4335-7477","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hasan","family":"Majid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Faculty of Medicine Department of Pediatrics, \u00a0 , Jabriya 46300, Kuwait","place":["Kuwait"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohamed A","family":"Abdelnaby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Chest Diseases Hospital, Ministry of Health , P.O. Box 4085, Safat 13041 ,","place":["Kuwait"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J Philip","family":"Saul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"West Virginia University School of Medicine Department of Pediatrics, , PO BOX 9160, Morgantown, WV 26506-9160, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026022109014341400_ytag023-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1892","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.116.018011","article-title":"Sinus node and atrial arrhythmias","volume":"133","author":"John","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026022109014341400_ytag023-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2013.03.017","article-title":"Channelopathies from mutations in the cardiac sodium channel protein complex","volume":"61","author":"Adsit","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Mol Cell Cardiol"},{"key":"2026022109014341400_ytag023-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2016.06.025","article-title":"GNB5 mutations cause an autosomal-recessive multisystem syndrome with sinus bradycardia and cognitive disability","volume":"99","author":"Lodder","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"2026022109014341400_ytag023-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2768","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehs391","article-title":"Altered HCN4 channel C-linker interaction is associated with familial tachycardia\u2013bradycardia syndrome and atrial fibrillation","volume":"34","author":"Duhme","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2026022109014341400_ytag023-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1313","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejhg.5201702","article-title":"A novel CSX\/NKX2-5 mutation causes autosomal-dominant AV block: are atrial fibrillation and syncopes part of the phenotype?","volume":"14","author":"Gutierrez-Roelens","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur J Hum Genet"},{"key":"2026022109014341400_ytag023-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ehab724.2517","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab724.2517","article-title":"A novel NKX2\u20135 double variant corresponds with familial atrial septal defect with arrhythmia in Indonesia","volume":"42","author":"Rozqie","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2026022109014341400_ytag023-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(85)80497-6","article-title":"Atrial flutter in the young: a collaborative study of 380 cases","volume":"6","author":"Garson","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026022109014341400_ytag023-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1007\/s00246-022-03074-w","article-title":"Early and late postoperative tachyarrhythmias in children and young adults undergoing congenital heart disease surgery","volume":"44","author":"Joye","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pediatr Cardiol"},{"key":"2026022109014341400_ytag023-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2016.02.009","article-title":"PACES\/HRS expert consensus statement on the use of catheter ablation in children and patients with congenital heart disease","volume":"13","author":"Saul","year":"2016","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"2026022109014341400_ytag023-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.1007\/s00246-016-1365-z","article-title":"Radiofrequency catheter ablation of accessory atrioventricular pathways in infants and toddlers \u226415 kg","volume":"37","author":"Backhoff","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pediatr Cardiol"},{"key":"2026022109014341400_ytag023-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1358","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2021.03.012","article-title":"Outcomes from pediatric ablation","volume":"7","author":"Walsh","year":"2021","journal-title":"JACC Clin Electrophysiol"},{"key":"2026022109014341400_ytag023-B12","first-page":"206","volume-title":"Ablation Energy Sources","author":"Issa","year":"2019"}],"container-title":["European Heart Journal - 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