{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T17:07:07Z","timestamp":1790356027657,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789430400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":19,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Atrioventricular (AV) conduction disorders are a relatively rare complication in acute myocarditis. Although frequently transient in nature, persistent AV block has been reported. Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging is critical in the diagnostic work-up and follow-up of myocarditis. This case series describes the use of CMR imaging to guide diagnosis, device selection, and disease monitoring.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Case Summary<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Four patients with complete AV block due to acute myocarditis underwent serial CMR imaging for diagnosis, disease monitoring, and device timing and selection. Recovery of AV conduction was variable in the presented cases. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging was able to identify two distinct clinical scenarios of disease progress and subsequent AV conduction recovery: first, two patients (Cases 1 and 2) in which resolution of myocardial inflammation was paralleled by resolution of AV conduction disorders and, second, a patient (Case 3) in which AV block persisted even after resolution of inflammation due to the development of myocardial fibrosis. However, in one patient (Case 4), CMR was unable to adequately detect the disease progress, i.e. a patient with persistent AV block despite resolution of inflammation and no signs of myocardial fibrosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This case series illustrates the variable clinical course of AV conduction disorders in the context of acute myocarditis. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging was essential in the identification of underlying myocarditis, offering insights in the disease course, and may therefore be used as an adjunctive tool for device selection. However, mismatch between CMR findings and AV conduction disorders may occur and warrants further investigation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjcr\/ytag699","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T11:21:15Z","timestamp":1789384875000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The many faces of atrioventricular block in myocarditis: a case series and proposed clinical strategy highlighting cardiovascular magnetic resonance-guided diagnosis, device selection, and disease monitoring"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6326-7437","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michiel J","family":"Bom","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam , De Boelelaan 1118, 1081 HZ Amsterdam ,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3896-9920","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luuk H G A","family":"Hopman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam , De Boelelaan 1118, 1081 HZ Amsterdam ,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vokko P","family":"van Halm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam , De Boelelaan 1118, 1081 HZ Amsterdam ,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-3958-7355","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Suzan F M","family":"Nijman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam , De Boelelaan 1118, 1081 HZ Amsterdam ,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7095-1771","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariette","family":"Labots","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam , De Boelelaan 1118, 1081 HZ Amsterdam ,","place":["the Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4982-3505","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michel W P","family":"Tsang-A-Sjoe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam , De Boelelaan 1118, 1081 HZ Amsterdam ,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8826-7628","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lourens F H J","family":"Robbers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam , De Boelelaan 1118, 1081 HZ Amsterdam ,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8099-2158","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"P Stefan","family":"Biesbroek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam , De Boelelaan 1118, 1081 HZ Amsterdam ,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026092512373812400_ytag699-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1098","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2023.3371","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of acute myocarditis: a review","volume":"329","author":"Ammirati","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2026092512373812400_ytag699-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1088","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.035319","article-title":"Clinical presentation and outcome in a contemporary cohort of patients with acute myocarditis: multicenter Lombardy Registry","volume":"138","author":"Ammirati","year":"2018","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026092512373812400_ytag699-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2017.12.005","article-title":"Outcomes of heart block in myocarditis: a review of 31,760 patients","volume":"28","author":"Ogunbayo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Heart Lung Circ"},{"key":"2026092512373812400_ytag699-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3427","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab364","article-title":"2021 ESC guidelines on cardiac pacing and cardiac resynchronization therapy","volume":"42","author":"Glikson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2026092512373812400_ytag699-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3952","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehaf192","article-title":"2025 ESC guidelines for the management of myocarditis and pericarditis","volume":"46","author":"Schulz-Menger","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2026092512373812400_ytag699-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1197","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000001240","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of cardiac sarcoidosis: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association","volume":"149","author":"Cheng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026092512373812400_ytag699-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2013.10.021","article-title":"In-hospital arrhythmia development and outcomes in pediatric patients with acute myocarditis","volume":"113","author":"Miyake","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"2026092512373812400_ytag699-B8","article-title":"Pacing solutions for immune checkpoint myocarditis and associated conduction disorders","volume":"30","author":"Palaskas","year":"2025","journal-title":"JACC Case Rep"},{"key":"2026092512373812400_ytag699-B9","article-title":"Eosinophilic myocarditis complicated by permanent atrioventricular nodal block: a case report","volume":"6","author":"Messner","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Case Rep"},{"key":"2026092512373812400_ytag699-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e875","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2025.07.045","article-title":"Management and outcomes of cardiac sarcoidosis diagnosed after permanent pacemaker implantation for high-grade atrioventricular block","volume":"23","author":"Austin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"2026092512373812400_ytag699-B11","article-title":"Chronic active myocarditis presenting as an isolated atrioventricular block: a case report","volume":"9","author":"Asano","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Case Rep"},{"key":"2026092512373812400_ytag699-B12","first-page":"1034","article-title":"Corticosteroid therapy for cardiac sarcoidosis: a systematic review","volume":"29","author":"Sadek","year":"2013","journal-title":"Can J Cardiol"},{"key":"2026092512373812400_ytag699-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.110.959254","article-title":"Cardiac sarcoidosis and giant cell myocarditis as causes of atrioventricular block in young and middle-aged adults","volume":"4","author":"Kandolin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol"},{"key":"2026092512373812400_ytag699-B14","article-title":"Permanent pacemaker timing dilemma in recovered lymphocytic myocarditis","volume":"31","author":"Tashiro","year":"2026","journal-title":"JACC Case Rep"},{"key":"2026092512373812400_ytag699-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocmr.2025.101934","article-title":"Artifacts in cardiac T1 and T2 mapping techniques-influence on reliable quantification","volume":"27","author":"Fenski","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Magn Reson"},{"key":"2026092512373812400_ytag699-B16","article-title":"Immune checkpoint inhibitor myocarditis: when profound troponin elevation diverges from unremarkable imaging","volume":"13","author":"Driessen","year":"2026","journal-title":"ESC Heart Fail"},{"key":"2026092512373812400_ytag699-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/eus316","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of implantable cardiac defibrillators for treatment of ventricular arrhythmias in patients with cardiac sarcoidosis","volume":"15","author":"Kron","year":"2013","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"2026092512373812400_ytag699-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8167.2012.02350.x","article-title":"Implantable cardioverter defibrillator therapy in patients with cardiac sarcoidosis","volume":"23","author":"Schuller","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol"},{"key":"2026092512373812400_ytag699-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2439","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2019.08.1061","article-title":"Prognostic value of repeating cardiac magnetic resonance in patients with acute myocarditis","volume":"74","author":"Aquaro","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026092512373812400_ytag699-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1140","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jeu099","article-title":"Predictive value of CMR criteria for LV functional improvement in patients with acute myocarditis","volume":"15","author":"Vermes","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"2026092512373812400_ytag699-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocmr.2023.100004","article-title":"Inter-scanner comparability of Z-scores for native myocardial T1 and T2 mapping","volume":"26","author":"Razzaq","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Magn Reson"}],"container-title":["European Heart Journal - Case Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ehjcr\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/ehjcr\/ytag699\/71082916\/ytag699.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ehjcr\/article-pdf\/10\/9\/ytag699\/71082916\/ytag699.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ehjcr\/article-pdf\/10\/9\/ytag699\/71082916\/ytag699.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T16:37:47Z","timestamp":1790354267000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ehjcr\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/ehjcr\/ytag699\/8795206"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Panteleimon E","family":"Papakonstantinou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]},{"given":"ugur","family":"Canpolat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]},{"given":"Armen","family":"Kocharian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]},{"given":"Vera","family":"Maslova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Freixa-Benavente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]},{"given":"Deepti","family":"Ranganathan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ehjcr\/ytag699","relation":{},"ISSN":["2514-2119"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2514-2119","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]]},"article-number":"ytag699"}}